Finishing of different plastic processing techniques for titanium

After the titanium is plastically processed, a series of post-processing operations are carried out to meet the user's final requirements for the surface quality, size, shape and certain properties of the titanium material, collectively referred to as finishing. In other words, the overall process of post-processing is finishing.

It can be seen from the process flow of titanium processing that different plastic processing processes require different finishing processes for titanium materials; different types of titanium materials have different finishing processes after processing. In practice, the finishing of the process can only be designed according to actual needs.

However, in general, the finishing house includes processes such as heat treatment, surface purification, cutting, straightening, surface treatment, inspection, marking, and packaging. For wire and strip, it should also include coiling and uncoiling shear. In order to expand the product variety, the surface treatment of the product can also be included in the finishing range. The above process is briefly introduced below:

(1) Heat treatment. In order to improve the microstructure, residual stress state and mechanical properties of titanium materials, heating, cooling and heat preservation procedures. There are a variety of heat treatment methods, which are carried out according to the needs of general technical users.

(2) Surface purification. Titanium materials after plastic processing are often accompanied by oil, and some are coated with oxide scale, which must be degreasing and deoxidizing. These oxide scales are firmly attached to the outer surface of the drink materials, and it is often necessary to take different methods to remove them according to different thicknesses of the oxide scales. Sometimes it is often necessary to use alkaline washing and acid washing to achieve the purpose of surface purification.

(3) Cut off. After the titanium is plastic processed, it is cut according to the size requirements of the special product. At this time, the two ends or irregular parts of the product can be removed to obtain the required size. When the local defect of titanium material is serious and cannot be repaired, the defect part should also be removed. Plates and strips are usually cut with a shearing machine, and pipes are cut with a sawing machine.

(4) Straightening. The process of correcting shape defects after titanium plastic processing. Shape defects such as the floating of the titanium plate, the bending or twisting of the titanium tube, etc., all need to be corrected to make it into a straight and neat qualified product.

(5) Surface treatment. Because titanium is sensitive to notches, surface defects such as cracks and gettering layers during the production process should be cleaned up in time by grinding and other methods to prevent further deepening during the deformation process. At the same time, in order to make the titanium surface color, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, wear-resistance and surface activity improvement, sometimes surface treatment is required.

(6) Coiling. It is a process in which the button belt and titanium wire are rolled into a roll. To facilitate storage and transportation, the products are supplied in rolls. The coiling is carried out on the coiler.

(7) Uncoiling and cutting. The process of unrolling the rolled titanium wire or titanium ribbon, flattening and cutting, and cutting into a single sheet or narrow ribbon or small titanium wire coil required by the user.

(8) Detection. In order to ensure that the product meets the standard or meets the requirements of the user, the size, shape and surface defects of the finished product before sale are checked. The defects detected are then corrected, trimmed, excised or discarded according to the situation. At the same time, sampling and testing the mechanical properties and organizational properties of the drilling materials, and adding non-destructive testing to the sky-slit pipe. At the same time, a qualified report is issued to the customer.

(9) Logo. In order to facilitate the user's use and transportation, and to track the quality of the product, all products should have a mark. The logo can be printed directly on the product, and the logo can be tied to the product at the same time. Because drinking materials are valuable products, each diamond product should have a printed logo. The content of the mark shall include the brand name, specification, batch number, factory standard, etc.

(10) Packaging. In order to facilitate product transportation. And to prevent the towel from damaging the product during transportation, it needs to be bundled and packaged before leaving the factory. Bundling methods vary depending on the product. For example, small cross-section profiles and bars can be bundled or coiled; strips and wires can be coiled; plates and tubes should be packaged and protected by wooden or thin steel plates.

Finishing is very important. It is a guarantee for the quality, geometry and weaving performance of the product to meet the standard requirements after the titanium is made. Only after the processed titanium material has been carefully sorted and packaged by this series of post-processing (ie finishing), its quality can be recognized by users. Therefore, finishing is also a "face-saving project", a plastic repair process.

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Improve the application performance of titanium dioxide by surface treatment

Titanium rods have good physical and chemical properties, low density, lightweight, non-magnetic, high strength, good corrosion resistance, and good mechanical properties and welding properties. Baoji titanium rods are widely used in chemical equipment, seawater For desalination, ship parts, electroplating industry, etc., titanium's corrosion resistance is 10 times that of general stainless steel, and titanium metal is a metal with relatively low human body rejection, so the processed parts of medical titanium rods are widely used in human implants and medical devices use.

skills requirement:

1. The chemical composition of titanium and titanium alloy bars should meet the requirements of GB/T 3620.1. When the buyer is re-inspected, the allowable deviation of the chemical composition should meet the requirements of GB/T 3620.2.

2. The diameter or side length of the hot processed bar and its allowable deviation should meet the requirements of Table 1.

3. After hot processing, after turning (polishing) the bar and cold rolling, the allowable deviation of the diameter of the cold drawn bar shall meet the requirements of Table 2.

4. The out-of-roundness of the turned (polished) bar after hot working should not be more than half of its dimensional tolerance.

5. The indefinite length of the bar in the processed state is 300-6000mm, and the indefinite length of the bar in the annealed state is 300-2000mm, and the fixed or double-length should be within the range of indefinite length

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Surface sandblasting treatment of titanium alloy castings

Titanium alloy plate is an alloy composed of titanium added with other elements. Titanium has two kinds of crystals: close-packed hexagonal α titanium below 882℃, and body-centered cubic β titanium above 882℃. Technical requirements: 1: The chemical composition of titanium and titanium alloy plates should meet the requirements of GB/T 3620.1, and the allowable deviation of the chemical composition should meet the requirements of GB/T 3620.2 when the buyer re-inspects. 2: The allowable deviation of the thickness of the plate should meet the regulations. 3: The allowable deviation of the width and length of the plate should meet the regulations. 4: The corners of the plate should be cut at right angles as much as possible. When cutting, the length and width of the plate should not exceed the allowable deviation. .

Titanium alloys are alloys based on titanium added with other elements. Titanium has two kinds of crystals: close-packed hexagonal α titanium below 882℃, and body-centered cubic β titanium above 882℃. Alloying elements can be divided into three categories according to their influence on the phase transition temperature:

① The elements that stabilize the α phase and increase the phase transition temperature are α stabilizing elements, such as aluminum, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Among them, aluminum is the main alloy element of titanium alloy, which has obvious effects on improving the alloy's normal temperature and high temperature strength, reducing the specific gravity, and increasing the elastic modulus.

②The element that stabilizes the β phase and reduces the phase transition temperature is the β-stabilizing element, which can be divided into two types: isomorphic and eutectoid. Products using titanium alloys. The former includes molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, etc.; the latter includes chromium, manganese, copper, iron, and silicon.

③ The elements that have little effect on the phase transition temperature are neutral elements, such as zirconium and tin. Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen are the main impurities in titanium alloys. Oxygen and nitrogen have greater solubility in the α phase, which has a significant strengthening effect on the titanium alloy, but it reduces the plasticity. Titanium alloy plates usually stipulate that the content of oxygen and nitrogen in titanium should be 0.15-0.2% and 0.04-0.05%, respectively. The solubility of hydrogen in the alpha phase is very small. Too much hydrogen dissolved in the titanium alloy will produce hydrides, which will make the alloy brittle. Generally, the hydrogen content in titanium alloys is controlled below 0.015%. The dissolution of hydrogen in titanium is reversible and can be removed by vacuum annealing.

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Why is titanium most suitable as an engine material?

For countries in the world, aviation R&D and manufacturing industries are both systems engineering, often involving many industries and fields. Especially in the military industry, a fighter jet consists of a huge component system, and the most important thing is the engine. In the core technology link of engine R&D and production, materials are a prerequisite. In recent years, the concept of titanium alloy as engine material has become a global consensus. With the continuous improvement of my country's independent research and development technology, Chinese researchers have begun to realize the development and utilization of this high-tech material. It is worth mentioning that, as a resource-rich country, China itself is rich in titanium metal deposits. With the continuous improvement and upgrading of titanium alloy technology, including the F-20, many new fighters in China are expected to be modified with titanium alloy engines in the future. Improve performance level.

Why is titanium the most suitable as an engine material? First of all, in terms of its characteristics, the high strength of titanium is unique among many metal elements, far exceeding common aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and stainless steel. At the same time, it can maintain long-term stable work in a high-temperature environment of 450 to 500 ℃, and it also has comprehensive advantages such as good corrosion resistance, good low-temperature performance, high chemical activity, low thermal conductivity, and low elastic modulus. Said to be the most suitable manufacturing material for aero engines. Data shows that three-quarters of the titanium alloy materials currently produced worldwide are used in the aerospace industry.

As we all know, with the continuous surpassing of aviation research and development technology, the latest generation of aircraft, whether it is a civil aviation model or a military model, has higher and higher requirements for engines. In particular, the most critical performance-thrust-to-weight ratio has become a standard performance indicator for an advanced aircraft. From the early jet era generally only had a thrust-to-weight ratio of 2 to 3, to a thrust-to-weight ratio of more than 10 in the supersonic era today, it is due to the continuous upgrading of modern aero-engine materials. From the perspective of aeronautical theory, reducing the weight of an engine is the most critical way to improve the thrust-to-weight ratio of the engine. Because the density of titanium is only 40% of steel, but it has the same strength, its melting point of 1668℃ is also the most suitable high-temperature metal material for the manufacture of aero engines.

For a long time, my country has been catching up with European and American powers in independent engine research and development. Especially in the exploration and research of high-temperature-resistant titanium alloy materials, it has gradually shortened the gap with world-class countries. Previously, using titanium alloys as materials, our scientific research team has developed a variety of aero-engine materials such as TC-4, TC-11, TC-14, etc., especially the 550℃ high-temperature resistant titanium alloy TA-12 came out in the 1990s. It laid a solid foundation for the follow-up research and development of the fourth-generation domestic fighters.

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Titanium alloy forging method

With the development of science and technology and the advancement of society, the degree of persecution of various industrialized production on the environment is increasing. However, the superior properties of titanium alloys are increasingly reflected in the production of the chemical industry.

Like isothermal forging, hot die forging is also a more promising precision forging process. The difference is that the mold temperature of hot die forging is higher than that of ordinary forging, but lower than that of isothermal forging. The temperature of the typical hot die forging die is 110～225℃ lower than the temperature of the blank. Compared with isothermal forging, the lowering of the mold temperature allows a wider selection of mold materials, but the ability to form thin and complex forgings is slightly worse.

Compared with conventional forging, hot die forging has the following advantages:

(1) Reduce material consumption of forgings. During hot die forging, the chilling of the die contacting the blank and the work hardening of the material are reduced, and the forgeability of the material is improved. Therefore, the forging is allowed to have a smaller fillet radius and a smaller draft The slope and small forging allowance greatly reduce the quality of forgings. For example, for a Ti-6Al-4V alloy structural part, the mass is 28kg, the mass of the forging produced by the conventional forging process is 154kg, and the mass of the forging produced by the hot die forging process is 109kg, the difference between the two methods is 45kg.

(2) Reduce the number of forging operations and improve the working capacity of the press. For hot die forging, the temperature of the die is higher, and the temperature drop of the blank is less. Conventional forging requires two fires, three fires or more to form forgings, hot die forging It only needs to be done once and at most two fires. And because of hot die forging, the deformation resistance of metal is low, which increases the working capacity of the equipment relatively.

(3) Reduce the amount of machining for forgings. Because the forgings produced are close to the weight and outline dimensions of the parts, compared with the forgings produced by conventional forgings, the amount of material removed during machining is reduced.

(4) The uniformity of the product is better. During the forging process, the temperature gradient is greatly reduced, and the uneven deformation caused by the temperature gradient is easily reduced. Therefore, the uniformity and consistency of the structure and performance of the product are better than that of conventional forging production forgings , But not as good as forgings produced by isothermal forging.

In hot die forging, although the temperature of the billet drops, it is still in the forging temperature range, and the deformation resistance does not rise as sharply as in conventional forging. The strain rate used in hot die forging varies in the range of 0.05 to 0.2s-1. If the strain rate is too low, the temperature of the blank may decrease.

In hot die forging of titanium alloy, forging heating temperature, strain rate, microstructure of preform and holding time are extremely important factors, which play a decisive role in the dimensional accuracy and microstructure of the formed part. Generally lower strain rates and longer holding times increase the possibility of precision forming. The microstructure of the preform has a direct impact on the flow stress and superplasticity of the material, especially the structure after forging. It is not possible to completely eliminate the defects and uneven grains in the raw material through isothermal forging or hot die forging.

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Titanium alloy forging manufacturers talk about the performance characteristics of aviation titanium alloy

In the chemical industry and other application fields, high requirements are placed on semi-finished products and processed parts of titanium and titanium alloys. Therefore, in the fields of aviation and aerospace, the cost of developing inspection instruments and monitoring devices is particularly high. The price of alloy parts has a great influence. Titanium alloy has the highest tensile plasticity and can be welded in various ways. It can be used for a long time at a temperature of up to 250 degrees Celsius. It is mainly used to make various structural parts of aircraft and engines that are not stressed. Industrial pure titanium has good plasticity, can form various sheet metal stamping parts in a cold state, and has relatively high corrosion resistance. Ti5Al2.5Sn titanium alloy has medium room temperature tensile strength (800 degrees Celsius 1000MPa and good welding performance. Compared with industrial pure titanium, the new titanium alloy mainly includes various grades of industrial pure titanium and widely used Ti5Al2.5Sn For titanium alloys, the room temperature tensile strength of industrial pure titanium fluctuates in the range of 350 degrees Celsius and 700 MPa. Ti5Al2.5Sn alloy has slightly lower plasticity and higher thermal strength, and the long-term working temperature can reach 450 degrees Celsius.

With the rapid development of cutting-edge science and technology such as aviation, aerospace, and nuclear energy, the requirements for materials are becoming more and more stringent. Not only are the materials used for manufacturing these equipment parts to be corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, and anti-fretting, but also require high-end resistance. temperature. It is necessary to pay attention to the long-term test, in many places, before the large-scale application of titanium to the chemical industry. Under the test conditions, cooperate to test its service life and material structure. If the lack of safety (immaturity) due to the use of conventional structural data is mostly indicated and the economic benefits are not great, then the first step is to gradually develop titanium and its alloys, and in recent decades, the development of high technology in the field of structural data Various other mature new materials. Therefore, the military sector has developed faster in the application of titanium and its alloys than in the civilian sector.

In many industrial media, rare earth metals and precious metals are mainly used for stability, or materials such as stainless steel can only reach a certain limit in corrosion resistance. Most applications use titanium to obtain benefits due to its low density, corrosion resistance and high strength. So far. Moreover, the consumption cost is relatively high, so the application of titanium or titanium alloy can obtain relatively high corrosion resistance strength. The creep characteristics of hard titanium at temperatures exceeding 150T surpass that of aluminum and its alloys. Considering that compared with other materials, titanium alloys have the advantages of unique creep characteristics under low-density conditions. It is found that hard titanium is used in aircraft manufacturing and missile manufacturing. The importance of the application. The earliest application of titanium and titanium alloys is the aviation industry. Recently, the aviation industry has increasingly urgently needed high-strength and low-density materials, which has greatly promoted the development of titanium manufacturing. In the early 1950s, the United States successfully used titanium on aircraft. At that time, although an E aircraft only used 1% of the structural weight of titanium, it opened up a pioneering way of using titanium in the aviation industry. At present, many kinds of high-speed aircraft in the world widely use titanium alloy as a structural material.

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What is the key to titanium rod stretching?

The process of manufacturing Nb-Ti single-core titanium alloy bars generally uses hot forging, cold rolling, and cold swaging of alloy ingots. However, flashing or other defects often occur during cold rolling or cold forging, and surface repairs are required, which is time-consuming and labour-intensive, which is very unreasonable. The process of the Nb-Ti rod is to stretch the extruded rod to a diameter of 12.6 mm, and after annealing at 800°C, to a diameter of 3.2 mm. This can ensure the surface finish and the roundness of the titanium alloy bar. During stretching, an emulsion of molybdenum disulfide, graphite fine powder, agar, trichloroethylene and water is mixed and coated on the surface of the titanium alloy bar, and then stretched after drying to achieve better results.

The cold drawing process of Nb25—70%Zr (weight) alloy physical examination was studied. The relationship between the drawing die angle, the coefficient of friction and the drawing force was measured, and a suitable lubricant was also selected. Nb-Zr and Nb-Ti have co-extensive properties, which are completely suitable for the stretching of dry Nb-Ti rods.

Experiments have proved that the choice of lubricant is the key to the success or failure of stretching. Add graphite powder and molybdenum disulfide into the water and a volatile solution to make emulsion liquid, and apply it on the surface of the titanium alloy bar. After drying, a dense film is formed on the surface of the titanium alloy bar. It has a large pressure and is not easy to fall off. The die angle of the drawing die is 12-16°, but the angle of 18-20° is better.

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