What are the excellent properties of titanium metal?

1. Low density and high specific strength. The density of titanium metal is 4.51g/cm3, which is higher than that of aluminum and lower than that of steel, copper, and nickel, but its specific strength ranks first among metals. 2. Corrosion resistance. Titanium is a very active metal, its equilibrium potential is very low, and its thermodynamic corrosion tendency in the medium is large. But in fact, titanium is very stable in many media, such as titanium is corrosion-resistant in oxidizing, neutral and weakly reducing media.

This is because titanium and oxygen have a great affinity. In the air or in an oxygen-containing medium, a dense, strong, and inert oxide film is formed on the surface of titanium, which protects the titanium substrate from corrosion. Self-healing or regenerating quickly even due to mechanical wear. This indicates that titanium is a metal with a strong tendency to passivation. The titanium oxide film always maintains this characteristic when the medium temperature is below 315℃.​​

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium, surface treatment technologies such as oxidation, electroplating, plasma spraying, ion nitridation, ion implantation, and laser treatment have been developed to enhance the protection of the titanium oxide film and obtain the desired corrosion resistance. Effect. A series of corrosion-resistant titanium alloys such as titanium-molybdenum, titanium-palladium, titanium-molybdenum-nickel, etc. have been developed for the needs of metal materials in the production of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methylamine solution, high-temperature wet chlorine gas, and high-temperature chloride.

3. Good heat resistance. The new Grade 1 Pure Titanium Plate can be used for a long time at a temperature of 600 ℃ or higher. Fourth, the low-temperature performance is good. Low-temperature titanium alloys represented by titanium alloys TA7 (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn), TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V), and Ti-2.5Zr-1.5Mo, the strength increases with the decrease of temperature, but the plasticity does not change. big. It maintains good ductility and toughness at a low temperature of -196-253 °C and avoids the cold brittleness of metals. It is an ideal material for low-temperature containers, storage tanks, and other equipment.

5. Strong anti-dumping performance. When Grade 9 Ti-3Al-2.5V Titanium Plate is subjected to mechanical vibration and electrical vibration, its own vibration attenuation time is very long compared with steel and copper metals. Using this property of titanium, it can be used as a tuning fork, a vibration element of a medical ultrasonic mill, and a vibration film of an audio speaker.

Properties of Ti45Nb Titanium Alloy for Aviation Standard Parts

The new generation of aircraft continues to develop in the direction of high weight reduction, long life and low cost, which greatly increases the amount of advanced composite materials and titanium alloy materials. Ti45Nb titanium alloy can be used as a connector for titanium alloys and composite materials. More and more attention- 2-50. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period in my country, the application research of T45Nb titanium alloy has been carried out, and Grade 36 Ti45Nb Titanium Wire has been determined as the main rivet material for composite material connection.

Ti45Nb titanium alloy belongs to β-type titanium alloy, which has the characteristics of high plasticity (elongation rate can reach more than 20%, section shrinkage rate can reach 60%~80%), corrosion resistance, excellent cold working performance, etc., and shear strength, tensile strength Higher than pure titanium, the deformation resistance is lower than pure titanium.

A lot of research work has been done on Ti45Nb titanium alloy abroad, the technology is relatively mature, and it was included in the AMS 4982 specification in 1974. In aerospace products, it has completely replaced the pure titanium rivet material, especially the alloy is made with Ti6A14V alloy. The bimetal rivet not only improves the shearing degree of the rivet, but also enables cold riveting. This kind of rivet with excellent comprehensive performance has been widely used in Airbus and Boeing aircraft.

(1) Processed organization. Since the processed Ti45Nb titanium alloy wire is deformed by cold drawing, there are a lot of slip bands at the grain boundary after cold drawing, and the grains are fibrous along the drawing direction.

(2) The annealed state structure. The microstructure of Ti45Nb titanium alloy wire has been recovered and recrystallized after annealing. The grains are equiaxed and the grain boundaries are clear.

Matters needing attention in titanium alloy processing

Pressure machining of titanium alloys is more similar to steel machining than to non-ferrous metals and alloys. Many process parameters of titanium alloys in forging, volume stamping, and sheet stamping are close to those in steel processing. But there are some important features that must be paid attention to when pressing working titanium and titanium alloys.

While it is generally believed that the hexagonal lattices contained in titanium and titanium alloys are less ductile when deformed, various press-working methods used for other structural metals are also applicable to Titanium Alloy Seamless Rectangular Tube. The ratio of yield point to strength limit is one of the characteristic indicators of whether the metal can withstand plastic deformation. The larger this ratio, the worse the plasticity of the metal. For industrially pure titanium in the cooled state, the ratio is 0.72-0.87, compared to 0.6-0.65 for carbon steel and 0.4-0.5 for stainless steel.

Volume stamping, free forging, and other operations related to machining large cross-sections and large-size blanks are carried out in the heated state (above the =μS transition temperature). The temperature range of forging and stamping heating is between 850-1150°C. Alloys BT; M)0, BT1-0, OT4~0 and OT4-1 have satisfactory plastic deformation in the cooling state. Therefore, the parts made of these alloys are mostly made of intermediate annealed blanks without heating and stamping. When the titanium alloy is cold plastically deformed, regardless of its chemical composition and mechanical properties, the strength will be greatly improved, and the plasticity will be correspondingly reduced. For this reason, annealing treatment between processes must be performed.

What are the performance requirements of sputtering targets?

I believe everyone is familiar with sputtering targets. It is mainly used in chips, microelectronics, display screens and other industries. Especially with the development of the electronic information industry, the demand for sputtering targets has gradually increased. The material is also known by more people, so what are the requirements for the performance of the sputtering target during use? The following editor will introduce to you the performance requirements of sputtering targets.

Performance requirements for sputtering targets

1. Purity

Purity is the main performance index of the Ti-Al Sputtering Target. The purity of the sputtering target has a great influence on the performance of the thin film. However, in the actual application process, different products have different requirements for the purity of the target. For example, in the microelectronics industry, with the development of the industry, the size of silicon wafers has been developed, and the width of wiring has been reduced from 0.5um to 0.25um, 0.18um or even 0.13um. The purity of the previous target can be satisfied. The process requirements of 0.35um IC, but the purity of the target material before the preparation of 0.18um lines is not competent, and the purity needs to be higher.

2. Impurity content

Impurities in sputtering targets and oxygen and moisture in pores are the main sources of pollution for target deposition films. Targets with different uses have different requirements for impurity content. Pure aluminum and aluminum alloy targets used in the semiconductor industry have certain special requirements for alkali metal content and radioactive elements.

3. Density

In order to reduce the number of pores in the sputtering target and improve the performance of the sputtering film, the density of the sputtering target also has certain requirements. Because the density of the sputtering target affects the amount of sputtering of the target, it also affects the electrical and optical properties of the film. The higher the density of the target, the better the performance of the film. Not only that, improving the density and strength of the target can also help the target to better withstand the thermal stress during the sputtering process, so the density is also one of the important performance indicators of the sputtering target.

4. Crystal Orientation

 The sputtering target is suitable for sputtering. The atoms of the target are easily sputtered along the relatively close arrangement of the atoms in the hexagonal direction. Therefore, in order to improve the sputtering speed of the target, it is necessary to increase the sputtering by changing the crystal structure of the target. speed. Different materials have different crystal structures, so different forming methods, heat treatment methods and conditions are required to improve the sputtering efficiency of the target and ensure the quality of the deposited films.

Application function of titanium plate and titanium alloy plate in petrochemical industry

Titanium alloy plates and titanium plates are mainly used to manufacture various containers, reactors, heat exchangers, distillation columns, pipes, pumps and valves in the petrochemical machinery manufacturing industry. Titanium can be used as titanium cathodes and condensers in power stations and as environmental pollution control devices. The hardness of steel is higher than that of Grade 7 Titanium Sheet, but the specific strength or tensile strength of titanium alloy is higher than that of high-quality steel. Titanium alloys have good heat resistance, low-temperature toughness and fracture toughness, so they are mostly used as aircraft engine parts and rocket and missile structural parts. Titanium alloys can also be used as fuel and oxidant storage tanks and high-pressure containers. Automatic rifles, mortar mounts and launch tubes for recoilless guns are now made of titanium alloys.

1. Memory function

Titanium-nickel alloys have unidirectional, bidirectional and omnidirectional memory effects at a certain ambient temperature, and are recognized as the best memory titanium alloys. In engineering, pipe joints are used in the oil pressure system of fighter jets; oil pipeline systems in oil complexes; 500mm diameter parabolic mesh antenna made of 0.5mm diameter wire is used in aerospace vehicles; in medical engineering, it is used to make snoring Treatment; titanium plates made of screws for fracture healing, etc. The above-mentioned applications have obtained obvious effects.

2. Superconducting function

The niobium-titanium plate exhibits a zero-resistance superconducting function when the temperature is lower than the critical temperature.

3. Hydrogen storage function

Titanium-iron alloy has the characteristics of hydrogen absorption, which can store a large amount of hydrogen safely and release hydrogen in a certain environment. This has promising applications in hydrogen separation, hydrogen purification, hydrogen storage and transportation, and the manufacture of hydrogen-based heat pumps and batteries.

Titanium dioxide, the oxide of Gr5 Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Plate, is a snow-white powder and a good white pigment, commonly known as titanium dioxide. In the past, the main purpose of mining titanium ore was to obtain titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide has strong adhesion, is not easy to chemically change, and is always white. Especially valuable is that titanium dioxide is non-toxic. It has a high melting point and is used to make refractory glass, glaze, enamel, clay, and high-temperature laboratory utensils.

Application of titanium-nickel memory alloy material in medical field

1. A new type of beta titanium alloy. In the 1990s, the United States and Japan developed a series of new beta-titanium alloys with non-toxic elements such as molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, and zirconium instead of toxic elements such as vanadium and aluminum. This type of alloy has two characteristics: one is that it contains high β-stabilizing elements; the other is that it has a lower elastic modulus (E=55~85GPa), which is closer to the elastic modulus of dense human bone (E=28GPa). The alloy series developed in the United States are: Ti-13Nb-13Zr, Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe, Ti-15Mo-2.8Nb-0.2Si, Ti-15Nb, Ti-16Nb-10Hf, Ti-15Mo-3Nb. Developed in Japan are: Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr and Ti-29Nb-13Ta (respectively plus 4.6Zr or 4Mo or 2Sn or 4.6Sn or 6Sn) and other alloy series.

2. Titanium-nickel alloy. Ti-Ni shape memory alloy is a new type of functional material with peculiar shape memory properties and phase transformation pseudoelasticity. Ti-Ni shape memory alloys are usually divided into three categories: one-way memory effect alloys; two-way memory effect alloys; Elastic alloy. Seamless Titanium Tube Grade 2 Because of its excellent biocompatibility, corrosion and wear resistance, high fatigue resistance, and elastic modulus similar to human bones, it is widely used in the medical field, and can be used in oral, neurosurgery, cardiovascular, thoracic surgery, ear and nose surgery. Laryngology, hepatobiliary, urology and gynecology, etc. Products include orthodontic wire, root canal file, spinal orthopedic rod, bone plate, intramedullary needle, patella claw, guide wire, guide needle, cardiac patch, vascular stent, thrombus Filters, esophagus stents, respiratory stents, biliary stents, urethral stents, rectal stents, duodenal stents, external auditory canal stents, birth control rings, etc.

Titanium plate and titanium alloy plate heat treatment in the process of crystallization

In addition to the recovery and recrystallization process of the cold-worked structure, the high-quality titanium alloy plate and the titanium plate also have the solution of the compound and the polymorphic transformation of a→β. In order to improve the properties of titanium alloys and Grade 7 Titanium Sheet, in addition to necessary alloying, appropriate heat treatment is generally used. The recovery process of titanium alloys and titanium plates is also a process of eliminating most of the second type of internal stress generated during deformation through the movement of vacancies and dislocations at a certain temperature. The temperature at which the recovery process occurs is lower than the recrystallization temperature, generally 500 to 650°C.

Like other metals, the recrystallization process of high-quality titanium alloy plates and titanium plates is also in the nucleation and growth process of crystal grains in the deformed structure. At this time, the lattice type does not change, but there is a change in mechanical properties. This process is affected by the degree of cold deformation, heating temperature and holding time, and can be recrystallized by three-dimensional recrystallization of cold deformation rate, heating temperature and recrystallized grain size.

The effect of alloying elements on the recrystallization temperature of pure titanium has been described in the previous section. In addition to niobium and cobalt, commonly used alloying elements and impurity elements can increase the recrystallization temperature of titanium.

Determination of recrystallization mainly adopts a combination of metallographic observation and X-ray diffraction. When recrystallization occurs, fine equiaxed grains appear on the deformed fibrous structure, and the diffraction rings on the X-ray back-reflection Laue diagram phase begin to become disconnected spots. For heat-treatable β alloys, incomplete aging (500°C/4-8 hours, air cooling) can also be used to display the recrystallized structure, and the unrecrystallized grains after incomplete aging appear dark after corrosion. It has been determined that the initial recrystallization temperature of TA2 pure titanium is about 550 °C, TA7 titanium alloy is about 600 °C, TC4 titanium alloy is about 700 °C, and TB2 alloy is about 750 °C.

It should be pointed out that in grade 7 titanium alloy plate and titanium sheets, the recrystallization process is often accompanied by some other structural changes. For example, in near-a alloys and a+β alloys with a small content of β-stabilizing elements, the dissolution of a phase and the change of β composition are accompanied by the recrystallization process in heat-treatable β alloys. Or have a gestational effect on subsequent aging. In addition, different types of alloys have different microstructures at room temperature, different alloy phases involved in deformation, and different recrystallization processes and characteristics. The recrystallization of the a-alloy is mainly carried out in the a-phase. In addition to industrial pure titanium, the cold deformation ability of a alloy is small, so the grain refinement effect is difficult, and the recrystallization in the β-type alloy is mainly carried out in the β phase. The cold deformation ability of β alloy is great, the degree of grain breakage is great, and the original structure can be changed by recrystallization. However, due to the large tendency of grain growth in β alloys, grain refinement is still difficult. As for the a+β alloy, it depends on the main phase involved in the deformation, and it is analyzed according to the specific situation. For example, the recrystallization of the TC4 alloy is mainly the recrystallization of the a phase.