What should be paid attention to when processing titanium rods

With the change in people's understanding of bicycle functions, especially the increasingly fierce international bicycle competition, bicycle manufacturers continue to seek new materials with lightweight and high strength, so titanium has become their target of attention.

At that time, the processing and welding technology for the production of bicycle titanium parts had not been up to date, and mass production capacity could not be formed. After entering the 1980s, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, various bicycle iron parts came out one after another, which promoted the use of titanium for bicycles.

The application status of titanium in the bicycle industry

According to the functions of each part of the bicycle, the bicycle can be divided into 13 parts, namely, the body part, the control part, the drive part, the walking part, and the transmission part. Braking part, seat part, loading part, parking part, alarm part, lighting part, accessories, and connecting parts. The car body includes the frame, the front car, the front, the suspension, the valve seat, and the mudguard. This part accounts for about 27% of the car's weight in terms of its weight. The driving part includes a sprocket, a crankshaft, a pedal, a chain, a flywheel, and a chain box. This part accounts for about 22% of the car's weight. The walking part includes tires, inner tubes, rims, spokes, and wheels, which account for about 24% of the total weight of the bicycle. It can be seen that the total weight of the three parts of the car body, the driving part, and the walking part account for more than 70% of the total weight of the bicycle.

Therefore, the issue of titanium materialization aimed at reducing the weight of bicycles first started here, and after more than 10 years of development and research, some of the human components have been made of titanium material.
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Method for using titanium plate in power industry

In the welding of titanium alloy pipes, the welding depth is determined by the thickness of the titanium alloy pipe. The production goal is to improve the formability of the titanium alloy tube by reducing the welding width, while achieving a higher speed. Therefore, when choosing the most suitable laser, we must not only consider the quality of the beam, but also the accuracy of the tube mill. Because the dimensional error of the pipe rolling mill takes effect, it is necessary to consider the limitation of reducing the light spot.

There are many unique dimensional problems in the welding of titanium alloy pipes. However, the main factor that most affects the welding is the seam on the welding box, because once the titanium plate is formed and prepared for welding, the characteristics of the weld include: Titanium plate gap, severe/minor welding dislocation, change of weld centerline. To a certain extent, the gap determines how much material is used to form the weld pool. Too much pressure is likely to cause excess material on the top or inner diameter of the titanium alloy welded pipe. , Or serious slight welding misalignment will lead to beautiful welding appearance.

In both cases, after the titanium plate is cut and cleaned, it is rolled up and sent to the welding point. Coolant is used to cool the induction coil used in the heating process. Some coolant will be used in the extrusion process. A lot of force is exerted on the squeeze pulley to prevent us from creating porosity in the welding area; however, using a larger squeeze force will result in a sharp increase in burrs (or weld beads). Therefore, a specially designed cutter is used to remove some burrs inside and outside the pipe.

One of the main advantages of the high-frequency welding process is that it can process titanium tubes at high speed. However, a typical situation in most solid phase forging joints is that it is not easy to perform reliable tests on high-frequency welded joints if traditional non-destructive techniques are used. Welding cracks are likely to appear in the flat and thin areas of the low-strength joints. The cracks cannot be detected using traditional methods. They may lack reliability in some demanding automotive applications.

In all titanium pipe welding applications, the edges of the titanium plate are melted, and when the edges of the titanium alloy pipe are squeezed together with the clamping bracket, solidification occurs at the edges. However, titanium alloy tube has high energy beam density for laser welding. The laser beam not only melts the surface of the material, but also creates a keyhole, which makes the weld seam very narrow. The welded titanium alloy tube first forms a flat titanium plate, and then makes its shape into the shape of a round tube. Once formed, the seams of the titanium alloy tube must be welded together. This weld affects the formability of the part. Therefore, in order to meet the strict test requirements and welding profile in the manufacturing industry, it is extremely important to select the appropriate welding technology. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), high frequency (HF) welding, and laser welding have been applied in the manufacture of titanium alloy tubes.
titanium bicycle tube      Titanium Alloy Rectangular Tube      titanium exhaust pipe      titanium threaded pipe      

What factors will affect the welding of titanium plates

When the world began to produce titanium tube parts, it also encountered a lot of troubles. They are mainly metalworkers and technicians who are familiar with aluminum tube parts, but they are very uncomfortable with titanium tube forming. First of all, the cutting and trimming process is too fast because the blades of the scissors wear too fast. When the shape is unbearable, the hammerhead is very easy to be arrogant and thick. Stick to the model. Because of this, everyone refers to titanium as a difficult-to-form material, and industry personnel calls it a hot forming material. This is a more general and perceptual evaluation of the forming performance of titanium tubes. But this can't affect people's specific analysis, after understanding its characteristics, in order to make appropriate treatment.

To be precise, titanium not only has the disadvantages of particularly large spring back, but it also has significant advantages. For example, in 1970, in the room temperature technical depth test of pure titanium pipes, it successfully processed cylindrical parts with a limit drawing coefficient of 2.75. , Which greatly exceeds the record of heavy materials such as steel, steel, and aluminum. Experiments conducted as early as 10 years ago achieved better results and also used conventional drawing models and other materials to process spherical parts with a height exceeding the radius in a single process. It laid the foundation for the development of our current titanium industry.

Ships will definitely be corroded in seawater, which will seriously affect their lifespan. Then improving the corrosion resistance of the hull has become the first goal of many shipbuilding companies. So what should I choose? If the flow velocity in the hull cooling water pipe is relatively high and needs to withstand strong impact and corrosion, titanium pipes should be selected for comparison.
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What are the methods of cleaning titanium rods?

Titanium alloys have a lot of knowledge here. Titanium alloys refer to alloys made up of other elements based on titanium. Titanium alloys include titanium aluminum alloys, titanium copper alloys, titanium manganese alloys, and other 70 metals containing titanium elements. . .

The density of titanium alloy is generally about 4.51g/cm3, which is only 60% of steel. Some high-strength titanium alloys exceed the strength of many alloy structural sheets of steel. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of titanium alloy is much greater than that of other metal structural materials.

It can produce parts with high unit strength, good rigidity, and lightweight. The aircraft's engine components, skeletons, skins, fasteners, and landing gear all use titanium alloys. So when we customize titanium screws, how do we choose the material of the screws? In fact, titanium alloys are produced to meet the different needs of the industry.

Because all screws are used in different environments, the positions used on machine parts are also different, and the hardness, flexibility, thermal conductivity, and wear resistance of the screws required by the machine are also different. Therefore, when customizing the production of screw fasteners for customers, they will always ask the user where the screws are used and what kind of performance is required?

If hardness is required, then it is recommended to use titanium-cobalt alloy. Titanium-cobalt alloy is generally used to make cutting tools. When selecting the screw material, it is important to understand that when the hardness of the screw is high, the titanium screw is easy to break.

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Study on Corrosion and Wear Resistant Treatment of Titanium Rod Surface

In order to improve the overall flight performance of the aircraft and meet the requirements of relatively light weight, long life and good maneuverability, the working pressure of the pipeline system of large passenger aircraft and fighter jets will gradually increase, and various titanium alloy pipes with excellent comprehensive performance will gradually increase. It is widely used. In view of the importance of hydraulic piping systems in aircraft piping systems, it is feasible to first develop the application of titanium alloy pipes in new aircraft hydraulic piping systems. Considering the specific strength, specific rigidity, corrosion resistance, cold bending forming ability and material maturity, the use of TA18M (Ti-3Al-2.5V) titanium alloy conduit is currently an ideal choice.

TA18M titanium alloy is a low-aluminum equivalent nearly α-type titanium alloy evolved from TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy. It is developed as a cold-workable pipe application. It has good cold forming and welding properties and can be manufactured A variety of seamless pipes, welded pipes and honeycomb structures can achieve good strength and plasticity matching through heat treatment. The room temperature strength of this alloy is 20% to 50% higher than that of industrial pure titanium, it is not sensitive to notches, and has good corrosion resistance in many media. Therefore, it is suitable for manufacturing catheters on various aircrafts. TA18M titanium alloy pipes have been used as hydraulic and fuel piping systems on many high-tech military and civilian aircraft in the United States. For example, in the mid-1970s, it began to be used as aeronautical catheters on F-14A, F-15, Boeing 757, 767 and other aircraft types. TA18M catheter also has a certain application foundation in aviation and civil use in my country. It has been used as an air-conditioning pipeline on transport aircraft in my country and will be used in aero engine pipeline systems.

Due to the low density of TA18M titanium alloy, it can effectively reduce the weight compared to stainless steel pipes. What is more valuable is that its good welding performance makes subsequent pipe ends easy to connect, and it has excellent matching performance with the strength and stiffness of the composite structure. Can further obtain a good weight loss effect. Therefore, TA18M is currently the most suitable material for the production of high-pressure and lightweight conduits on advanced aircraft.
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Titanium materials can be used in the aerospace industry

As a new type of manufacturing method, additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) has the advantages of fast manufacturing, saving materials, and user-customizable. It has attracted more and more attention in the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, and medical equipment. Due to the needs of industrial applications, the fatigue performance of additive manufacturing materials (especially the ultra-high cycle fatigue performance) and the corresponding fatigue mechanism have become one of the scientific problems that need to be solved urgently in the research field of additive manufacturing.

The Research Group of Metallic Materials Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has recently carried out a series of research work on the fatigue characteristics of additively manufactured titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). The research team conducted fatigue performance tests on additively manufactured titanium alloys and obtained the high-cycle and ultra-high-cycle fatigue properties of the material. Through the observation of the fatigue fracture, it is reported that the high-cycle and ultra-high-cycle fatigue cracks of the additive-manufactured titanium alloy all originate in the internal holes and unfused defects of the material, and form a new phenomenon of "fish-eye" fracture morphology. This is quite different from the fatigue characteristics and cracks initiation mechanism of traditional forged metal materials. According to the distribution characteristics of crack source size, a statistical correlation between fatigue performance and crack size is constructed. Based on the fatigue life data of the material and the size of the fatigue crack defect, a probability statistical P-S-N analysis was carried out to obtain the relationship between the high-cycle and ultra-high-cycle fatigue failure probability of the material, the fatigue life, and the applied load. In addition, in order to further explore the characteristics of fatigue crack growth, the research team used an in-situ fatigue loading device to obtain Ti-6Al-4V crack growth rates at different temperatures and different preparation orientations, revealing the fatigue crack growth of titanium alloys with different orientations. Mechanisms.

This research not only provides effective fatigue performance data for engineering applications of additive manufacturing of titanium alloys. At the same time, it has laid a theoretical foundation for exploring the crack initiation and propagation mechanism of additive manufacturing of titanium alloys.
Grade 23 Titanium Wire      Gr7 Ti-0.2Pd Titanium Sheet      ERTi-1 Pure Titanium Welding Wire      titanium hexagon rod      

What are the factors that affect the welding performance of titanium and titanium?

(1) High strength. The density of titanium alloy is generally about 4.5g/cm3, which is only 60% of steel. The strength of pure titanium is close to that of ordinary steel. Some high-strength titanium alloys exceed the strength of many alloy structural steels. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of titanium alloy is much greater than that of other metal structural materials. See Table 7-1, which can produce parts and components with high unit strength, good rigidity, and light weight. At present, titanium alloys are used in aircraft engine components, skeletons, skins, fasteners, and landing gear.

(2) High thermal intensity. The service temperature is several hundred degrees higher than that of aluminum alloy. It can still maintain the required strength at medium temperature. It can work for a long time at a temperature of 450～500℃. These two types of titanium alloys are still very high in the range of 150℃～500℃. Specific strength, while the specific strength of aluminum alloy decreases significantly at 150°C. The working temperature of titanium alloy can reach 500℃, while that of aluminum alloy is below 200℃.

(3) Good corrosion resistance. Titanium alloy works in moist atmosphere and sea water medium, its corrosion resistance is far better than stainless steel; it is particularly resistant to pitting corrosion, acid corrosion, and stress corrosion; it is resistant to alkali, chloride, chlorine organic substances, nitric acid, sulfuric acid It has excellent corrosion resistance. However, titanium has poor corrosion resistance to reducing oxygen and chromium salt media.

(4) Good low temperature performance. Titanium alloys can still maintain their mechanical properties at low and ultra-low temperatures. Titanium alloys with good low temperature performance and extremely low interstitial elements, such as TA7, can maintain a certain degree of plasticity at -253°C. Therefore, titanium alloy is also an important low-temperature structural material.

(5) High chemical activity. Titanium has high chemical activity, and produces a strong chemical reaction with O, N, H, CO, CO2, water vapor, ammonia, etc. in the atmosphere. When the carbon content is more than 0.2%, it will form hard TiC in the titanium alloy; when the temperature is higher, it will also form a hard surface layer of TiN when it interacts with N; when the temperature is above 600℃, titanium absorbs oxygen to form a hardened layer with high hardness ; When the hydrogen content increases, an embrittlement layer will also be formed. The depth of the hard and brittle surface layer produced by absorbing gas can reach 0.1-0.15 mm, and the degree of hardening is 20%-30%. Titanium also has a high chemical affinity and is easy to adhere to the friction surface.

(6) The thermal conductivity is small, and the elastic modulus is small. The thermal conductivity of titanium λ=15.24W/(m.K) is about 1/4 of nickel, 1/5 of iron, and 1/14 of aluminum. The thermal conductivity of various titanium alloys is about 50% lower than that of titanium. The modulus of elasticity of titanium alloy is about 1/2 of that of steel, so its rigidity is poor and easy to deform. It is not suitable to make slender rods and thin-walled parts. The springback of the machined surface during cutting is very large, about 2～3 of stainless steel. Times, causing severe friction, adhesion, and adhesive wear on the flank of the tool. Alloying of Titanium Titanium alloy is an alloy composed of titanium as the base and adding other elements. Titanium has two isomorphs: close-packed hexagonal α titanium below 882°C, and body-centered cubic β titanium above 882°C.
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