Grinding method of titanium alloy and titanium rod:

(1) Fine grinding
The surface of titanium rods and tubes is finely ground with a conventional silicon carbide rubber wheel. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the surface of the casting should not be heated during grinding, and the surface of the casting should not have grinding injuries so that the surface of the titanium product can be flat and smooth.
(2) barrel grinding method
The commonly used barrel grinding method is to place the processed castings, abrasives, water and additives into the grinding tank, and generate vibration by rotating the grinding barrel to cause friction between the abrasive mixture and the surface of the casting, and smooth the surface of the casting. smooth. Its characteristics are no dust pollution, the low labor intensity of workers, and will not cause the casting to generate heat during the conventional grinding process.
(3) Polishing method
The mechanical polishing method uses different specifications of soft cloth wheels or black hairbrushes and special polishing pastes to polish the surface of titanium and titanium alloys. When polishing titanium castings, it must first be clear whether the surface contamination layer of the casting has a grinding hardening layer. The polishing effect is less than ideal.
(4 High-speed, light-pressure polishing method. Green polishing paste is used to polish titanium alloy castings. The polishing effect is better. Special note: polished titanium alloy castings cannot be washed immediately. Wait until the surface oxide film completely occurs. Wash with water, otherwise, the surface will become dark.
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How to choose surgical implant titanium plate

Surgical implants, medical titanium plates, and titanium alloys have the characteristics of high strength, low specific gravity, good biocompatibility, and excellent corrosion resistance. As a few, titanium and titanium alloys can fully meet human implantation conditions. Metal materials have become more and more widely used in the medical field. Every year, more than 1,000 tons of medical components of different types and functions of titanium and titanium alloys are implanted in the body to help patients regain their lives.
Depending on the use environment, the selection of medical titanium and titanium alloys is different. If good ductility is required, pure titanium (Gr.1 ~ Gr.4) can be selected; if good strength is required, a titanium alloy with a strength of 1300Mpa after heat treatment should be selected. Titanium-based trait memory alloys are also an important category for the application of titanium products in the medical field. In general, medical titanium products usually undergo strict technological processes such as forging, casting, processing, forming, surface treatment and post-treatment.
Application fields of medical titanium and titanium alloys
1.Bones and joints
Approximately one million patients worldwide undergo hip and knee replacements each year. Some adhesive-free designs often use a rough, bioactive surface (hydroxyapatite) to increase the life of the implant. Internal and external fracture reduction is also the main application area of titanium, including fixation screws, intratumoral intramedullary nails, and titanium mesh for skull replacement.
2. Dental implants
As a dental material, titanium is more and more widely used in clinical applications as implants such as inlays, crowns, bridging materials, denture beds, and artificial tooth roots.
Cardiovascular facilities
Titanium is often used in the manufacture of pacemakers and defibrillators.
4. Surgical instruments
Titanium is widely used in surgical instruments. The surface of surgical instruments is usually passivated to obtain a chemically stable surface. Titanium is not magnetic, so it does not damage the tiny electronic components in the implant.
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The excellent performance of Gr5, TC11 titanium alloy materials has become the first choice for the oil pipeline industry

1), lower density
It can significantly reduce the string load, especially ultra-deep oil well pipes.
2), higher intensity
Including tensile strength, creep strength, fatigue strength, etc. 比 Specific strength of different materials at different temperatures.
3) Excellent corrosion resistance
Excellent seawater corrosion resistance
Comparison table of seawater corrosion resistance (mm / a) data
4), Wide operating temperature range
The temperature of conventional titanium alloys is from minus 269 ℃ to minus 600 ℃.
5), large elastic deformation ability
Titanium alloy has high yield strength and low elastic modulus (E), so it is very suitable for parts such as springs, and more importantly, it is suitable for large displacement horizontal wells.
6), low expansion coefficient
This feature makes petroleum equipment more adaptable to temperature changes and reduces the internal stresses of structural parts.
7), non-magnetic
Adapt to the requirements of the normal use of some detection, communication and control methods in various equipment.
8), better processing performance
Titanium gold usually has good casting, forging, welding, 3D printing, and other process properties, which is often an important factor in the selection of various engineering materials.
In the 1980s abroad, research and application of titanium alloy pipes in the petroleum industry have begun. Chinese companies have also made some progress in the development of titanium alloy oil casing. The products have been initially tested in wells. It is believed that in the near future, titanium alloys will have more applications in the petroleum equipment industry and obtain new breakthroughs in the global industry at an early date.
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Processing characteristics of titanium

In addition to pure titanium, nearly 30 kinds of titanium alloys have been produced in the world. The most widely used titanium alloys are Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, etc. The industrial method for the production of titanium metal is the Klauer method, and the product is sponge titanium. The traditional process for preparing titanium material is to melt-cast titanium sponge into an ingot and then process it into titanium material. According to this, the main steps of the process from mining to making titanium are:
Titanium ore-> Mining-> Beneficiation-> Tai concentrate-> Enrichment-> Titanium-rich material-> Chlorination-> Coarse TiCl4-> Refining-> Pure TiCl4-> Magnesium reduction-> Sponge titanium-> Melting-> Titanium ingot-> processing-> titanium material or titanium component If the rutile is obtained in the above steps, it does not need to be enriched, and it can be directly chlorinated to obtain crude TiCI4. In addition, the casting operation should be a metallurgical process, but sometimes it is also classified as a processing process.
的 The processing in the above process refers to plastic processing and casting. Plastic processing methods include forging, extrusion, rolling, stretching and so on. It can process titanium ingots into various sizes of cakes, rings, plates (titanium plates), pipes, rods, profiles, and other products. It can also be made into parts and components of various shapes by casting.
Titanium and titanium alloy plastic processing have large deformation resistance; poor plasticity at room temperature, high yield limit and strength limit ratio, large spring back, sensitive to notches, easy to adhere to the mold during deformation, and easy to absorb harmful gases when heated. Plastic processing is more difficult than steel and copper.
Therefore, the processing technology of titanium and titanium alloys must consider these characteristics.
Titanium is plastically processed, the size of soil is not limited, and it can be produced in large quantities, but the yield is low, and a large amount of waste residue is generated during processing.
In view of the above disadvantages of titanium plastic processing, a powder metallurgy process of titanium has been developed in recent years. The powder metallurgy process of titanium is the same as ordinary powder metallurgy, except that sintering must be performed under vacuum. It is suitable for producing large quantities and small size parts and is especially suitable for producing complex parts. This method requires almost no further processing and has a high yield. It can make full use of titanium waste as raw materials and reduce production costs, but it cannot produce large-sized titanium pieces. The powder metallurgy process flow of titanium is: titanium powder (or titanium alloy powder)-> sieving-> mixing-> press forming-> sintering-> auxiliary processing-> titanium products.
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Application cases of titanium alloy materials such as titanium tubes and titanium alloy tubes in the petroleum industry

Titanium has very good stability in organic compounds except five organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid) at higher temperatures. Therefore, titanium is an excellent structural material in petroleum refining and petrochemical industry, and can be used to make various reactors, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, separator piping, and distillation column top condenser linings.
In oil and gas drilling and production, Britain used titanium drilling and production equipment at a depth of 600 m and 262 ° C containing 5% H2S and 25% NaCl. The former Soviet Union used titanium pumps, valves and titanium flushing equipment. In order to solve the corrosion of high temperature H2S, C02 and water vapor at 600-700atm in natural gas wellheads in China, Ti-6Al-4V valve plates, valve seats and valve stems have been used. The long-term effect is very good.
Offshore oil and gas production must withstand seawater corrosion and stress corrosion for a long time. Ti-6Al-4V is widely used in foreign countries as pillars of oil platforms, rope supports, high-pressure pumps for seawater circulation pressurization systems, risers and couplings. Because Ti-6A1-4V is not only resistant to seawater corrosion, but also has high toughness, high yield strength and high fatigue limit. Recently, titanium prestressed oil production pipe joints have been selected abroad. This joint is simple and quick to assemble, light in weight, and maintains elastic sealing. Titanium is the best material. China's offshore oil industry is entering a large-scale development stage. At present, the structural components, key components and equipment of the platform are imported from abroad, and domestic materials are rarely used. But it can be expected that titanium alloys will find a broad market here.
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What aspects affect the mechanical properties of titanium alloy rods

For titanium alloys of the same composition, different casting conditions, different casting sizes and wall thickness will affect the mechanical properties. The comparison of the mechanical properties of cast Ti6A14v titanium alloy rods under static casting and centrifugal casting conditions can be seen The centrifugal casting improves the mechanical properties of titanium alloy rods.
The mechanical properties of Ti6A14V titanium alloy rods with different wall thicknesses are due to the rapid cooling rate of falling wall castings, which can easily form chilled structures, and are not suitable for shrinkage and easy to form shrinkage defects. Thin-walled castings usually have higher tensile strength Strength and low plasticity. At the same time, it is also stated that when testing the mechanical properties of castings, it is necessary to specify the sampling location and clarify the index performance.
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Application of titanium and titanium alloy materials in petrochemical industry

Titanium heat exchangers, condensers and related auxiliary equipment have been successfully used in petrochemical enterprises for more than 20 years. The most commonly used industrial titanium in titanium (the most widely used is TA2), Ti-6Al-4V (when a certain strength is required), and Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo (when a gap exists or in a non-oxidizing medium) .
(1) In the crude oil refining with high sulfur and high salt content, titanium equipment is ideal. Many foreign countries have successfully selected titanium equipment for many years in atmospheric distillation equipment, sewage treatment equipment, condensers for desulfurization separation towers, and radiators for stripping towers. China has also used cast titanium seawater pumps, titanium condensers in catalytic cracking fractionation, cryogenically separated titanium condensers, and porous titanium plates in this system, all of which have been in normal operation for more than ten years.
(2) Chlorinated hydrocarbons are one of the largest varieties in petrochemical industry. Because of the chlorination reaction involved, stainless steel equipment has become incompetent. Dichloromethane rectification towers, trichloroethane heat exchangers, condensation towers and fractionation towers, trichloroethylene condensation towers, perchloroethylene heat exchangers and polychloride coil heaters have been manufactured from titanium materials abroad. In the production of vinyl chloride in China, Ti-0. 2Pd lining has been used for the cooling tower, waste water stripping tower and waste water storage tank's tray supporting frame, piping and flange sealing surface. It has not been used for nearly ten years. Titanium pipes, joints and gas distributors have been used for many years.
(3) Phenol is an important raw material for petrochemical industry. It is a new process to obtain phenol and acetone from cumene and cumene peroxide using propylene and benzene in oil and gas refining as raw materials. Titanium equipment has been used in foreign countries for more than a decade, and this process is still under development in China. In the old process, benzene sulfonated alkali solution was used to produce phenol. In China, a neutralization reactor made of titanium, a titanium coil cooler, and a stirrer shaft sleeve made of ionized titanium nitride have been used in China. The effect is very good.
(4) In the device for oxidizing ethylene to acetaldehyde, acetaldehyde to acetic acid, and propylene to synthesize acetone, in addition to the raw materials and products being corrosive, the main corrosive medium is the catalyst, stainless steel corrodes very quickly, only titanium Has good corrosion resistance. As early as 1963, the United States successfully applied titanium in the production of ethylene to acetaldehyde. China's first ethylene oxidation to acetaldehyde unit was put into use in 1976, and the titanium equipment has been operating well so far. Foreign titanium-lined reactors are up to 9.6m in diameter and 3m in diameter. There are also 11 titanium equipment such as heat exchangers, catalyst regeneration towers, and acetaldehyde solution coolers. Since the 1980s in China, Shanghai and Jilin have introduced foreign complete sets of equipment for ethylene oxidation to acetaldehyde. Many of these equipment and pump valves are made of titanium. Compared with stainless steel, it has obvious advantages and the use effect is very satisfactory. The final design of the oxidation of propylene to acetone. There are 12 titanium equipment, a factory with an annual output of 30,000 tons of acetone, and a titanium equipment of 40t.
(5) Oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid is a common process in China. Titanium has been used as a high-boiler reboiler, first-grade acetic acid column reboiler and condensation cooler. Titanium equipment is used abroad in rectification towers, fractionation towers and distillation towers. Especially in the oxidation of lower alkanes to acetic acid, there are many by-products. The content of formic acid reaches 8%, which is extremely corrosive. At this time, the use of titanium instead of stainless steel is very effective.
(6) Terephthalic acid is a raw material for synthetic polyester. It is industrially prepared by the para-xylene oxidation method. No matter high temperature oxidation or low temperature oxidation, there is high temperature corrosion of acetic acid and bromide. In a medium with a temperature higher than 135 ° C, pitting corrosion occurs in 316L stainless steel after tens of hours. Therefore, the design code stipulates that titanium must be used above 135 ° C. Beijing Petrochemical Plant introduced a complete set of titanium equipment, including 16 oxidation reactors, solvent dehydration towers, heaters, condensers, reboilers and so on. Nanjing Yangzi Petrochemical Company has introduced an annual output of 450,000 tons of terephthalic acid equipment, 56 titanium equipment and a large number of titanium pipeline valves. The oxidation reactor introduced by Shanghai Petrochemical Plant has a height of 32m, an upper diameter of 4m, a lower diameter of 5.3m, a volume of 505m, and a weight of 175t. The use of titanium has a good effect, and it has a bright future for application.
(7) Urea is a high-quality chemical fertilizer and a petrochemical raw material. Since the first titanium-lined urea synthesis tower was put into production in 1963, nearly 10,000 devices have been running around the world. Practice has shown that there is no significant corrosion in the titanium-lined synthesis tower. The reduced corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel is 4.1-4.5mm / a. Therefore, titanium has better economic benefits than stainless steel. In addition to titanium-lined urea synthesis towers, since the 1970s, C02 stripping towers, heat exchangers, mixers and pump valves have been used in China.
Titanium is widely used in petrochemical industry, with numerous examples.
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