The main grades and common products of titanium alloy forgings for aviation

titanium forged discs are mainly used in aircraft engine parts because of their good corrosion resistance and high heat resistance. Specifically, the titanium alloy forgings used on the space shuttle mainly include: high-pressure vessels, wing leading edges, oil pressure pipelines, engine thrust brackets, etc. As a professional manufacturer of titanium alloy forgings, HST TITANIUM provides gr2, gr5 and other grades all year round. The executive standards are GB/T16598, ASTM B381, AMS4928 titanium forgings.

Application function of titanium alloy plate in the petrochemical industry

Titanium alloy plates and titanium plates are mainly used to manufacture various containers, reactors, heat exchangers, distillation towers, pipes, pumps, and valves in the petrochemical machinery manufacturing industry. Titanium can be used as a titanium cathode and condenser in power stations, as well as environmental pollution control devices. The hardness of steel is higher than that of titanium plate, but the specific strength or tensile strength of Grade 5 Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Foil is higher than that of high-quality steel. Titanium alloy has good heat resistance, low-temperature toughness, and fracture toughness, so it is mostly used as aircraft engine parts and rocket and missile structural parts. Titanium alloy can also be used as fuel and oxidant storage tanks and high-pressure vessels. There are already automatic rifles, mortar seat plates, and recoilless gun launch tubes made of titanium alloy.

1. Memory function

Titanium-nickel alloy has one-way, two-way, and omnidirectional memory effects at a certain ambient temperature, and is recognized as the best memory Titanium Flat Washer DIN 125. Pipe joints used in engineering for the hydraulic system of fighter jets; oil pipeline systems for oil complexes; 500mm diameter parabolic mesh antennas made of 0.5mm diameter wires for aerospace vehicles; used in medical engineering for snoring Treatment; Titanium plates are made into screws for fracture healing and so on. The above applications have achieved obvious results.

2. Superconducting function

The niobium-titanium plate exhibits a zero-resistance superconducting function when the temperature is lower than the critical temperature.

3. Hydrogen storage function

6al4v titanium alloy bar-iron alloy has the characteristic of absorbing hydrogen, which can store a large amount of hydrogen safely, and release the hydrogen in a certain environment. This is very promising in hydrogen separation, hydrogen purification, hydrogen storage and transportation, and the manufacture of heat pumps and batteries that use hydrogen as energy.

Titanium dioxide, the oxide of the titanium plate, is a white powder and a better white pigment, commonly known as titanium white. In the past, the main purpose of mining titanium ore was to obtain titanium dioxide. Titanium white has strong adhesion, is not easy to undergo chemical changes, and is always white. Especially valuable is that titanium dioxide is non-toxic. It has a high melting point and is used to make refractory glass, glaze, enamel, clay, high-temperature resistant laboratory utensils, etc.

Titanium consumption of aero engine

The amount of titanium used in advanced foreign engines is usually kept at 20% to 35%. The early turbojet engines produced in my country did not use titanium. The turbojet 13 engine, which was developed in 1978 and was designed and finalized in early 1988, used 13% of titanium. For aero engines with intellectual property rights, the amount of titanium has been increased to 15%, and my country’s first turbofan engine with independent intellectual property rights, which is about to be designed and finalized, has further increased the amount of titanium to 25%.

In the design of airplanes or engines, the alloy grades are mainly selected according to the working temperature and stress level of the parts, and the corresponding molding and welding performances are considered in conjunction with the manufacturing process plan of the parts. The characteristics of different types of Titanium Welding Rods are different, and the specific parts used are also different: α-type alloys cannot be strengthened by heat treatment, and have only moderate room temperature strength, but the structure is stable, the creep resistance is good, and it can work stably at higher temperatures for a long time. It is the basis for the creation of new heat-resistant titanium heat exchanger pipe, and is generally used as sheet metal parts and forgings with greater bearing capacity; β-type alloys have good process plasticity in the solid solution state, which is convenient for processing and forming, and can obtain high strength after aging treatment Performance, but high sensitivity to impurity elements, unstable structure, low heat resistance, not suitable for use at high temperatures, generally used as fasteners and aircraft structural parts; α + β type alloy has good thermal strength and cold Formability, good overall performance, and can be quenched and aging strengthened, generally used as turbine engine body components.

What are the physical phenomena of titanium processing?

The cutting force during titanium alloy processing is only slightly higher than that of steel with the same hardness, but the physical phenomenon of processing titanium alloy is much more complicated than processing steel, which makes titanium alloy processing face huge difficulties. The thermal conductivity of most titanium alloys is very low, only 1/7 that of steel and 1/16 that of aluminum.

Therefore, the heat generated in the process of cutting 6al4v titanium round bar will not be quickly transferred to the workpiece or taken away by the chips, but will be concentrated in the cutting area. The temperature generated can be as high as 1,000 ℃, causing the cutting edge of the tool to wear, crack and quickly. Generate built-up edge, wear blades quickly appear, and generate more heat in the cutting area, further shortening the life of the tool.

The high temperature generated during the cutting process also destroys the surface integrity of the titanium alloy parts, resulting in a decrease in the geometric accuracy of the parts and a work hardening phenomenon that severely reduces its fatigue strength.

The elasticity of titanium alloy may be beneficial to the performance of parts, but during the cutting process, the elastic deformation of the workpiece is an important cause of vibration. The cutting pressure causes the "elastic" workpiece to leave the tool and rebound, so that the friction between the tool and the workpiece is greater than the cutting action. The friction process also generates heat, which aggravates the problem of poor thermal conductivity of titanium bicycle pipe.

This problem is even more serious when processing thin-walled or ring-shaped parts that are easily deformed. It is not an easy task to process thin-walled titanium alloy parts to the expected dimensional accuracy. Because when the workpiece material is pushed away by the tool, the local deformation of the thin wall has exceeded the elastic range and plastic deformation occurs, and the material strength and hardness of the cutting point increase significantly. At this time, machining according to the originally determined cutting speed becomes too high, which further leads to sharp tool wear.

The demand for aerospace titanium materials drives the demand for high-end titanium materials, and the demand structure for titanium materials continues to be optimized

Titanium has the characteristics of high melting point, small specific gravity, high specific strength, good toughness, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, good high and low temperature tolerance, and low stress under rapid cold and hot conditions. Its commercial value in the 20th century It has been recognized since the 1950s that titanium and other elements such as iron, aluminum, vanadium or molybdenum have formed high-strength light alloys, which are used in high-tech fields such as aviation, aerospace, and military industry. With the continuous promotion of titanium to the chemical, petroleum, electric power, seawater desalination, construction, agricultural food, medicine, daily necessities and other industries, titanium metal is increasingly being valued by people and is known as the "third metal", "space metal", "Marine metals" and "universal metals" are also called "modern metals" and "strategic metals" because they are important strategic materials indispensable for improving the level of national defense equipment.

Titanium alloys can be classified:

According to the structure and composition, Gr2 Pure Titanium Sheet alloys can be divided into α titanium alloys, β titanium alloys and α + β titanium alloys. In China, the prefixes TA, TB, and TC of the metal material brands represent α, β, and α+β titanium alloys, respectively.

According to the state of physical form, titanium alloys can be divided into plates, strips, bars, pipes, wires (wires), profiles, castings, and forgings.

The production process of titanium material is mainly to first melt and cast sponge titanium to prepare titanium ingots, and then to forge, extrude, roll or stretch the titanium ingots to obtain titanium or titanium alloy bars, pipes, and tubes for downstream use. Plate, cake, ring and other products. Titanium material has a low yield rate, and a large amount of waste residues are generated during the processing process, resulting in higher production costs. At present, about 1.7 tons of sponge titanium raw materials are needed for 1 ton of titanium material in China.

The production of titanium alloy pipe processed materials is mainly concentrated in China, the United States, Russia, Japan and other countries. In 2010, my country surpassed the United States to become the world's largest producer of titanium materials, but most of my country's titanium materials are used in industrial fields with relatively low technical content, while the United States is mainly high-end titanium materials such as aviation titanium materials. In 2018, my country's titanium output reached 63,400 tons, a year-on-year increase of 14.42%.

Matters needing attention when processing titanium bolts

Titanium alloy materials are difficult to process materials, have poor thermal conductivity, are easy to adhere to tools, have strong notch sensitivity, and will produce strong work hardening during the rolling process. In actual production, there are a series of problems in the rolling of full profile.

First, after the full profile squeezes the gap between the two rolling wheels during rolling, if the rolling wheels continue to roll, the blank material has nowhere to flow and can only be squeezed back and forth between the rolling wheels. As a result, the thread has a higher surface hardening. F5 Titanium Forging the hardening exceeds the tensile limit of the material, cracks will occur. As shown in Figure 1, the thread flanks and tooth bottom harden the most, so cracks occur;

Second, during full extrusion, each tooth of the rolling wheel involved in rolling is also affected by a strong cyclic load. The energy of rolling also acts on the rolling wheel, causing its life to be seriously reduced. In production, each pair of thread rolling wheels can only roll 3000-5000 titanium bolts, resulting in the phenomenon of tooth crest fragmentation, and the thread rolling wheels can no longer be used, which is extremely expensive. In addition, the thread rolling wheel tooth crest is broken Titanium Grade 2 Round Bar is a forming process in the production, so that the producer cannot determine the eligibility of the rolled thread, that is, when the rolled thread is qualified and when the rolled thread is unqualified;

Third, in the process of rolling and forming the thread, the two sides rise the fastest. When the thread is full, a fold will be formed on the crest. During the inspection, there are fluorescent display marks on the crest of the thread. In order to determine the maximum defect depth, anatomy is required. The method can only determine whether the defect at this place exceeds the standard; fourth, modern fasteners have high fatigue life, and have high precision requirements for bolt holes, and no hole wall damage is allowed during the installation process. The sharper thread crest is very easy to damage the hole wall. In short, the full thread profile brings great trouble to production, which not only increases the chance of cracks, reduces the fatigue life of parts, but also reduces the service life of the rolling wheel. In addition, it brings unnecessary trouble to the inspection. It is easy to cause damage to the hole wall, so it is imperative to correct the major diameter of the titanium tube grade 9 alloy fastener thread.

What is a titanium flange?

The titanium flange is made of non-ferrous metal grade 2 titanium sheet or titanium alloy, which connects the pipe and the pipe to the end of the pipe. The titanium flange has holes, and the two flanges are tightened with bolts. Gasket between flanges. Flanged pipe fittings refer to pipe fittings with flanges (flanges or joints).

It can consist of threaded connection or welding. The flange joint consists of a pair of flanges, a washer and many bolts and nuts. The gasket is placed between the sealing surfaces of the two flanges. After tightening the nut, the specific pressure on the surface of the washer reaches a certain value and deforms. The surface of the gasket is filled with bumps on the sealing surface to ensure a tight connection.

According to the structure, there are flat welding titanium flanges, butt welding titanium flanges, threaded Gr23 Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium Foil, and blind titanium flanges.

Product specifications: Various specifications are produced according to flange standards, or non-standard flanges are produced according to drawings provided by customers.

Production methods: free forging, die forging, precision forging, and welding

Inspection method: X-ray inspection, color inspection, defect inspection, water pressure test and other tests can be carried out according to customer needs.