Characteristics and functions of Gr5 titanium tube and titanium alloy tube

Radiographic flaw detection is a method of flaw detection using the penetrability and linearity of rays. Although these rays are not directly detectable by the naked eye like visible light, they can be used to sensitize the photographic film and can also be received by a special receiver. The rays commonly used for flaw detection include x-ray and gamma rays emitted by isotope, which are called x-ray flaw detection and γ-ray flaw detection, respectively. When these rays penetrate (irradiate) a substance, the greater the density of the substance, the more the intensity of the rays decreases, that is, the lower the intensity of the rays that can penetrate the substance. At this time, if you use a photographic film to receive, the light sensitivity of the film is small; if you use an instrument to receive, the signal obtained is weak. Therefore, when radiation is used to irradiate the parts to be inspected, if there are defects such as pores, slag inclusions, etc., the material density of the radiation passing through the defective path is much smaller than that of the non-defective path, and its strength is The weaker is less, that is, the intensity of the transmission is greater. If the film is used to receive, the light sensitivity is greater, and the plane projection of the defect perpendicular to the direction of the ray can be reflected on the film; the same can be done if other receivers are used. Use meters to reflect the plane projection of the defect perpendicular to the ray direction and the amount of ray transmission. It can be seen that, under normal circumstances, it is not easy to find cracks in radiographic inspection, or in other words, radiographic inspection is not sensitive to cracks.

Therefore, radiographic inspection is most sensitive to volumetric defects such as pores, slag inclusions, and incomplete penetration. That is, radiographic flaw detection is suitable for volume-type flaw detection, but not suitable for area-type flaw detection.
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What are the characteristics of seamless titanium tubes?

In the titanium alloy screw mold manufacturing process, the smoothing and mirroring after the shape processing is called the part surface grinding and polishing processing, which is an important process to improve the quality of the mold.

Mastering a reasonable polishing method can improve the quality and service life of titanium alloy screw molds, thereby improving product quality.

Mechanical polishing is a polishing method that removes protrusions on the surface of the workpiece by cutting or plastic deformation of the material surface to obtain a smooth surface. Generally, oil stone sticks, wool wheels, sandpaper, etc. are used. Manual operation is the main method. Those with high surface quality requirements can be used. The method of super-precision polishing. Ultra-precision polishing is the use of special abrasive tools, which are pressed against the processed surface of the workpiece in a polishing fluid containing abrasives for high-speed rotation. The surface roughness of Ra0.008 μm can be achieved by using this technology, which is the best surface roughness among various polishing methods. Optical lens molds often use this method. Mechanical polishing is the main method of mold polishing.

2. Chemical polishing

Chemical polishing is the process of dissolving the microscopically protruding part of the surface in a chemical medium preferentially than the concave part, so as to obtain a smooth surface. The method can polish workpieces with complex shapes, and can polish many workpieces at the same time, with high efficiency. The surface roughness obtained by chemical polishing is generally Ra10 μm.

3. Electrolytic polishing

The basic principle of electrolytic polishing is the same as that of chemical polishing, that is, it relies on the selective dissolution of small protrusions on the surface of the material to make the surface smooth. Compared with chemical polishing, it can eliminate the influence of cathode reaction, and the effect is better.

4. Ultrasonic polishing

Ultrasonic polishing is a processing method that uses the tool section to make ultrasonic vibrations and polishes brittle and hard materials through abrasive suspensions. Put the workpiece in the abrasive suspension and put it together in the ultrasonic field, relying on the oscillation effect of the ultrasonic, so that the abrasive is ground and polished on the surface of the workpiece. Ultrasonic machining has a small macroscopic force and will not cause deformation of the workpiece, but it is difficult to manufacture and install tooling.

5. Fluid polishing

Fluid polishing relies on flowing liquid and the abrasive particles carried by it to wash the surface of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of polishing. Hydrodynamic grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure. The medium is mainly made of special compounds (polymer-like substances) with good flowability under lower pressure and mixed with abrasives. The abrasives can be made of silicon carbide powder.

6. Magnetic grinding and polishing

Magnetic abrasive polishing is to use magnetic abrasives to form abrasive brushes under the action of a magnetic field to grind the workpiece. This method has high processing efficiency, good quality and easy control of processing conditions. Using suitable abrasives, the processed surface roughness can reach Ra0.1 μm.

7. EDM ultrasonic composite polishing

In order to improve the polishing speed of the workpiece with a surface roughness Ra of 1.6 μm or more, ultrasonic and a special high-frequency narrow pulse high-peak current pulse power supply are used for composite polishing. The corrosion of ultrasonic vibration and electric pulse acts on the surface of the workpiece at the same time, which rapidly reduces Its surface roughness is very effective in polishing the rough surface of the mold after machining by turning, milling, EDM and wire cutting.
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Classification, application and factors affecting tensile force of titanium alloy wire?

The difference between titanium powder and titanium dioxide is as follows:

1. Titanium powder is powdered metallic titanium, while titanium dioxide is powdered titanium dioxide;

2. Titanium powder can be ignited in the air, while titanium dioxide is mainly used in decoration and coating industries;

3. Titanium powder has a large gas-absorbing capacity, with a purity of about 95%. The molecular formula of titanium dioxide is TiO2, which is a polycrystalline compound with regular arrangement of particles and a lattice structure.

Therefore, the characteristics of titanium powder and titanium dioxide are completely different.
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Hot working properties and industrial application of TC4 titanium alloy

The pressure processing of titanium alloy is more similar to the processing of steel than the processing of non-ferrous metals and alloys. Many process parameters of titanium alloy during forging, volume stamping and plate stamping are close to those of steel processing. But there are also some important features that must be paid attention to when pressure working on Qin and Qin alloys.

Although it is generally believed that the hexagonal lattice contained in titanium and titanium alloys has low plasticity during deformation, various pressure processing methods used for other structural metals are also suitable for titanium alloys. The ratio of yield point to strength limit refers to one of the characteristic indexes of whether a metal can withstand plastic deformation. The larger the ratio, the worse the plasticity of the metal. For industrial pure titanium in a cooling state, the ratio is 0.72-0.87, while carbon steel is 0.6-0.65, and stainless steel is 0.4-0.5.

Perform volume stamping, free forging and other operations related to the processing of large cross-section and large-size blanks in the heated state (above the =yS transition temperature). The heating temperature range of forging and pressing is between 850-1150°C. Alloys BT; M) 0, BT1-0, OT4~0 and OT4-1 have satisfactory plastic deformation in the cooling state. Therefore, most of the parts made of these alloys are stamped from blanks that have undergone intermediate annealing without heating. When the titanium alloy is cold plastically deformed, regardless of its chemical composition and mechanical properties, the strength will be greatly improved, and the plasticity will be correspondingly reduced. For this reason, it is necessary to perform an annealing treatment between procedures.

The blade groove wear that occurs during titanium alloy processing is the local wear along the cutting depth direction of the back and the front, and it is often caused by the hardened layer left by the previous processing. The chemical reaction and diffusion of the tool and the workpiece material at a processing temperature of more than 800°C are also one of the reasons for the formation of groove wear. Because during the machining process, the titanium molecules of the workpiece accumulate in the front area of ​​the blade and are "welded" to the blade under high pressure and high temperature, forming a built-up edge. When the built-up edge is peeled from the blade, the carbide coating of the blade is taken away.

Due to the heat resistance of titanium, cooling is very important in the machining process. The purpose of cooling is to keep the blade and tool surface from overheating. Using end coolant, in this way, when performing square shoulder milling and face milling of dimples, cavities or full grooves, a good chip removal effect can be achieved. When cutting titanium metal, the chips are easy to stick to the cutting edge, causing the next round of milling cutter rotation to cut the chips again, which often causes the edge line to collapse. Each type of blade cavity has its own coolant hole/injection to solve this problem and strengthen the constant blade performance. Another clever solution is a threaded cooling hole. Long-edge milling cutters have many blades. Applying coolant to each hole requires a high pump capacity and pressure. However, it is different. It can block unnecessary holes according to needs, thereby maximizing the flow of liquid to the holes that need it.
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Technical treatment method for TC11 titanium rod/titanium alloy rod low-magnification white bright block

Titanium alloy parts have the characteristics of low density and good corrosion resistance, so they have become more ideal structural materials for aerospace engineering; however, there are also many factors that affect its machinability at the same time; this is because of the metallurgical properties of titanium alloys And material properties may have a serious impact on the cutting action and the material itself.

The clamping principle of titanium alloy parts is the key technology for titanium alloy manufacturers to process titanium alloys, as follows:

(1) The clamping force in the rough machining stage should be large to prevent the parts from loosening during the high cutting force machining process; the clamping force should be small in the finishing machining stage to prevent clamping deformation.

(2) The clamping force is applied to the place with good rigidity, and the force point should be as many as possible.

(3) Appropriate auxiliary devices should be added for thin-walled structural parts with poor rigidity to increase the rigidity of the entire processing technology system.
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Application and performance of GR5 medical titanium alloy

The internal shortcomings of titanium alloy pipe welds, lack of penetration, refers to a defect in which the workpiece and the weld metal or the part between the weld layers are not fused. Incomplete penetration weakens the welding section of the weld, causing severe stress concentration, greatly reducing the strength of the joint, and it often becomes the source of weld cracking. There is non-metallic slag in the slag inclusion weld, which is called slag inclusion. The slag inclusion reduces the working section of the weld, and constitutes a stress concentration, which will reduce the strength and impact toughness of the weld.

Usually according to the mechanism of crack occurrence, it can be divided into two types: hot crack and cold crack. Thermal cracks occur during the crystallization process from liquid to solid in the weld metal, and most of them occur in the weld metal. The main reason for its occurrence is the presence of low melting point substances (such as FeS, melting point 1193°C) in the weld, which weakens the contact between the grains. When subjected to greater welding stress effects, it simply causes cracks between the grains. . When the weldment and electrode contain a lot of impurities such as S and Cu, thermal cracking simply occurs.

Thermal cracks have the characteristic of spreading along the grain boundary. When the crack penetrates the surface and communicates with the outside, it has a significant hydrogenation tendency. Cold cracks occur during the cooling process after welding, mostly on the base metal or the fusion line between the base metal and the weld. The primary reason for this is that the heat-affected zone or the welding seam constitutes a quenching arrangement. Under the effect of high stress, it causes cracks in the grains. When welding easy-quenchable titanium alloys with higher carbon content or more alloying elements , The most prone to cold cracks. Too much hydrogen melted into the weld can also cause cold cracks.

Cracks are one of the most risky shortcomings. In addition to reducing the load-bearing section, severe stress accumulation will occur. The cracks will gradually expand during use and eventually cause damage to the components. Therefore, such shortcomings are usually not allowed in the welding layout.

When the pore weld metal absorbs too much gas (such as H2) or the gas (such as CO) generated by the metallurgical reaction in the molten pool at high temperature, it is too late to be discharged when the molten pool is cooled and condensed, and it is formed inside or on the outside of the weld. Holes are pores. The existence of pores reduces the useful working section of the weld and reduces the mechanical strength of the joint. If there are penetrating or continuous pores, it will severely affect the tightness of the weldment. During or after welding, cracks in the metal part of the welded joint area are called cracks. Cracks can occur in the weld, and can also occur in the heat-affected zone on both sides of the weld. Sometimes it occurs on the outside of the metal, and sometimes inside the metal.
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Application of titanium and titanium alloys in aviation

The tensile modulus of industrial pure titanium is 105-109 Gpa, and the tensile modulus of most titanium alloys in the annealed state is 110-120 Gpa. The age-hardened titanium alloy has a slightly higher tensile elastic modulus than in the annealed state, and the compressive elastic modulus is equal to or greater than the tensile elastic modulus. Although the strength of titanium and titanium alloys is much higher than that of aluminum and aluminum alloys, they are only 55% of the stiffness. The specific elastic modulus of titanium alloy is equal to that of aluminum alloy, second only to beryllium, molybdenum and some high-temperature alloys. The torsion or shear modulus of industrial pure titanium is 46 Gpa, and the shear modulus of titanium alloy is 43-51 Gpa.
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