Urea serves not only as a high-quality fertilizer but also as a raw material for the petrochemical industry. Since the commissioning of the first titanium-lined urea synthesis tower in 1963, nearly 10,000 such units are currently in operation worldwide. Practical experience has demonstrated that these titanium-lined synthesis towers exhibit no significant corrosion. In contrast, the calculated corrosion rate for 316L stainless steel stands at 4.1–4.5 mm/a. Consequently, titanium offers superior economic benefits compared to stainless steel. In addition to titanium-lined urea synthesis towers, domestic facilities have—since the 1970s—successively adopted titanium-based equipment such as CO2 stripping towers, heat exchangers, mixers, pumps, and valves.
Titanium equipment is ideally suited for the refining of crude oil characterized by high sulfur and salt content. Internationally, titanium equipment has been successfully employed for many years across numerous processes, including atmospheric distillation units, wastewater treatment facilities, condensers for desulfurization separation towers, and radiators for stripping towers. In this same sector, my country has also adopted cast titanium seawater pumps, titanium condensers for catalytic cracking fractionation, titanium condensers for deep cryogenic separation, and porous titanium plates; all of these components have been operating normally for over a decade. Grade 5 Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Bar / Ti 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Titanium Rod / Titanium Clad Copper Pipe
Chlorinated hydrocarbons constitute a common class of compounds utilized in the petrochemical industry. Given that these processes involve chlorination reactions, stainless steel equipment often proves inadequate for the task. Abroad, titanium has long been employed in the manufacture of equipment such as dichloromethane distillation towers, trichloroethane heat exchangers, condensation and fractionation towers, trichloroethylene condensation towers, tetrachloroethylene heat exchangers, and polychlorinated coil heaters. In my country's vinyl chloride production sector, a Ti-0.2Pd alloy lining has been applied to the tray support frames, nozzles, and flange sealing faces of cooling towers, wastewater stripping towers, and wastewater storage tanks; these components have been in service for nearly a decade with no signs of corrosion. Furthermore, titanium piping, fittings, and gas distributors have been standard materials of choice in these applications for many years.
Phenol is a vital raw material in the petrochemical industry. A novel process for extracting phenol and acetone—utilizing propylene and benzene as feedstocks via intermediates such as cumene and cumene hydroperoxide—has emerged in recent years. While titanium equipment was adopted for this process internationally over a decade ago, the corresponding technology remains under development within my country. In traditional processes for the production of phenol from alkaline benzenesulfonate solutions, titanium reactors, titanium coil coolers, titanium-nitrided agitator shaft sleeves, and titanium targets are employed.
Titanium Evaporators
The oxidation of acetaldehyde to produce acetic acid is a widely adopted industrial process in my country. Currently, titanium is utilized in high-boiling reboilers, primary acetic acid column reboilers, and condenser-coolers. Internationally, titanium equipment is extensively used in rectification, fractionation, and distillation columns. This is particularly advantageous in processes involving the oxidation of lower alkanes to acetic acid; in such cases—where numerous byproducts are generated and formic acid concentrations can reach as high as 8%, resulting in highly corrosive conditions—the substitution of stainless steel with titanium yields highly satisfactory results.
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