Titanium alloy is more suitable for spacecraft manufacturing than steel

Aerospace vehicles work under extreme conditions such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, high vacuum, high stress, and strong corrosion. In addition to relying on excellent structural design, they also rely on the excellent characteristics and functions of the materials. Titanium alloy combines the characteristics required by aerospace products and is known as "cosmic metal" and "space metal". Titanium alloy has become an ideal manufacturing material for aircraft and engines due to its high strength, good mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance, but its poor machinability has restricted its application for a long time. With the development of processing technology, in recent years, titanium alloys have been widely used in the manufacture of parts such as the compressor section of aircraft engines, engine hoods, exhaust devices and the manufacture of structural frame parts such as aircraft girder frames.

Compared with general alloy steel, titanium alloy has the following advantages: higher specific strength: the density of titanium alloy is only 4.5g/cm3, which is much smaller than iron, and its strength is similar to that of ordinary carbon steel. Good mechanical properties: Titanium alloy has a melting point of 1660°C, which is higher than iron, and has higher thermal strength. It can work below 550°C and usually shows better toughness at low temperatures. Good corrosion resistance: A dense oxide film is easy to form on the surface of titanium alloy below 550℃, so it is not easy to be further oxidized. It has high corrosion resistance to the atmosphere, seawater, steam, and some acids, alkalis, and salt media.

High-temperature titanium alloys: The research and development of supersonic cruise bombs, hypersonic cruise bombs, reusable vehicles, and suborbital reusable transatmospheric vehicles require titanium alloys to be used at high temperatures of 600°C and above, which requires Titanium alloys must have excellent high-temperature resistance. The first high-temperature titanium alloy in the world is Ti6Al4V developed by the United States, which can be used at 300～350℃. Ti6Al4V alloy has both α + β two-phase characteristics and is widely used in the aerospace field. In order to maximize the effect of Al solid solution heat strengthening, Sn, Zr, Mo and Si are also added to the titanium alloy, and alloys such as IMI679 and Ti6242 with a use temperature of 450 ℃ have been developed successively, and IMI685, Ti6242S and other alloys using IMI834, Ti1100, BT36 and other alloys at a temperature of 550-600°C.

Low-temperature titanium alloys: With the rapid development of space technology, the application of titanium alloys in low-temperature and extremely low-temperature environments has increased, and the development of low-temperature titanium alloys is extremely important. Research has found that reducing the content of interstitial elements such as H, O, N and Al can improve the low-temperature performance of titanium alloys, so that they can be used for a long time under a 20K temperature environment.
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