Grinding method of titanium alloy and titanium rod:

(1) Fine grinding
The surface of titanium rods and tubes is finely ground with a conventional silicon carbide rubber wheel. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the surface of the casting should not be heated during grinding, and the surface of the casting should not have grinding injuries so that the surface of the titanium product can be flat and smooth.
(2) barrel grinding method
The commonly used barrel grinding method is to place the processed castings, abrasives, water and additives into the grinding tank, and generate vibration by rotating the grinding barrel to cause friction between the abrasive mixture and the surface of the casting, and smooth the surface of the casting. smooth. Its characteristics are no dust pollution, the low labor intensity of workers, and will not cause the casting to generate heat during the conventional grinding process.
(3) Polishing method
The mechanical polishing method uses different specifications of soft cloth wheels or black hairbrushes and special polishing pastes to polish the surface of titanium and titanium alloys. When polishing titanium castings, it must first be clear whether the surface contamination layer of the casting has a grinding hardening layer. The polishing effect is less than ideal.
(4 High-speed, light-pressure polishing method. Green polishing paste is used to polish titanium alloy castings. The polishing effect is better. Special note: polished titanium alloy castings cannot be washed immediately. Wait until the surface oxide film completely occurs. Wash with water, otherwise, the surface will become dark.
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How to choose surgical implant titanium plate

Surgical implants, medical titanium plates, and titanium alloys have the characteristics of high strength, low specific gravity, good biocompatibility, and excellent corrosion resistance. As a few, titanium and titanium alloys can fully meet human implantation conditions. Metal materials have become more and more widely used in the medical field. Every year, more than 1,000 tons of medical components of different types and functions of titanium and titanium alloys are implanted in the body to help patients regain their lives.
Depending on the use environment, the selection of medical titanium and titanium alloys is different. If good ductility is required, pure titanium (Gr.1 ~ Gr.4) can be selected; if good strength is required, a titanium alloy with a strength of 1300Mpa after heat treatment should be selected. Titanium-based trait memory alloys are also an important category for the application of titanium products in the medical field. In general, medical titanium products usually undergo strict technological processes such as forging, casting, processing, forming, surface treatment and post-treatment.
Application fields of medical titanium and titanium alloys
1.Bones and joints
Approximately one million patients worldwide undergo hip and knee replacements each year. Some adhesive-free designs often use a rough, bioactive surface (hydroxyapatite) to increase the life of the implant. Internal and external fracture reduction is also the main application area of titanium, including fixation screws, intratumoral intramedullary nails, and titanium mesh for skull replacement.
2. Dental implants
As a dental material, titanium is more and more widely used in clinical applications as implants such as inlays, crowns, bridging materials, denture beds, and artificial tooth roots.
Cardiovascular facilities
Titanium is often used in the manufacture of pacemakers and defibrillators.
4. Surgical instruments
Titanium is widely used in surgical instruments. The surface of surgical instruments is usually passivated to obtain a chemically stable surface. Titanium is not magnetic, so it does not damage the tiny electronic components in the implant.
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The excellent performance of Gr5, TC11 titanium alloy materials has become the first choice for the oil pipeline industry

1), lower density
It can significantly reduce the string load, especially ultra-deep oil well pipes.
2), higher intensity
Including tensile strength, creep strength, fatigue strength, etc. 比 Specific strength of different materials at different temperatures.
3) Excellent corrosion resistance
Excellent seawater corrosion resistance
Comparison table of seawater corrosion resistance (mm / a) data
4), Wide operating temperature range
The temperature of conventional titanium alloys is from minus 269 ℃ to minus 600 ℃.
5), large elastic deformation ability
Titanium alloy has high yield strength and low elastic modulus (E), so it is very suitable for parts such as springs, and more importantly, it is suitable for large displacement horizontal wells.
6), low expansion coefficient
This feature makes petroleum equipment more adaptable to temperature changes and reduces the internal stresses of structural parts.
7), non-magnetic
Adapt to the requirements of the normal use of some detection, communication and control methods in various equipment.
8), better processing performance
Titanium gold usually has good casting, forging, welding, 3D printing, and other process properties, which is often an important factor in the selection of various engineering materials.
In the 1980s abroad, research and application of titanium alloy pipes in the petroleum industry have begun. Chinese companies have also made some progress in the development of titanium alloy oil casing. The products have been initially tested in wells. It is believed that in the near future, titanium alloys will have more applications in the petroleum equipment industry and obtain new breakthroughs in the global industry at an early date.
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Processing characteristics of titanium

In addition to pure titanium, nearly 30 kinds of titanium alloys have been produced in the world. The most widely used titanium alloys are Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, etc. The industrial method for the production of titanium metal is the Klauer method, and the product is sponge titanium. The traditional process for preparing titanium material is to melt-cast titanium sponge into an ingot and then process it into titanium material. According to this, the main steps of the process from mining to making titanium are:
Titanium ore-> Mining-> Beneficiation-> Tai concentrate-> Enrichment-> Titanium-rich material-> Chlorination-> Coarse TiCl4-> Refining-> Pure TiCl4-> Magnesium reduction-> Sponge titanium-> Melting-> Titanium ingot-> processing-> titanium material or titanium component If the rutile is obtained in the above steps, it does not need to be enriched, and it can be directly chlorinated to obtain crude TiCI4. In addition, the casting operation should be a metallurgical process, but sometimes it is also classified as a processing process.
的 The processing in the above process refers to plastic processing and casting. Plastic processing methods include forging, extrusion, rolling, stretching and so on. It can process titanium ingots into various sizes of cakes, rings, plates (titanium plates), pipes, rods, profiles, and other products. It can also be made into parts and components of various shapes by casting.
Titanium and titanium alloy plastic processing have large deformation resistance; poor plasticity at room temperature, high yield limit and strength limit ratio, large spring back, sensitive to notches, easy to adhere to the mold during deformation, and easy to absorb harmful gases when heated. Plastic processing is more difficult than steel and copper.
Therefore, the processing technology of titanium and titanium alloys must consider these characteristics.
Titanium is plastically processed, the size of soil is not limited, and it can be produced in large quantities, but the yield is low, and a large amount of waste residue is generated during processing.
In view of the above disadvantages of titanium plastic processing, a powder metallurgy process of titanium has been developed in recent years. The powder metallurgy process of titanium is the same as ordinary powder metallurgy, except that sintering must be performed under vacuum. It is suitable for producing large quantities and small size parts and is especially suitable for producing complex parts. This method requires almost no further processing and has a high yield. It can make full use of titanium waste as raw materials and reduce production costs, but it cannot produce large-sized titanium pieces. The powder metallurgy process flow of titanium is: titanium powder (or titanium alloy powder)-> sieving-> mixing-> press forming-> sintering-> auxiliary processing-> titanium products.
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Application cases of titanium alloy materials such as titanium tubes and titanium alloy tubes in the petroleum industry

Titanium has very good stability in organic compounds except five organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid) at higher temperatures. Therefore, titanium is an excellent structural material in petroleum refining and petrochemical industry, and can be used to make various reactors, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, separator piping, and distillation column top condenser linings.
In oil and gas drilling and production, Britain used titanium drilling and production equipment at a depth of 600 m and 262 ° C containing 5% H2S and 25% NaCl. The former Soviet Union used titanium pumps, valves and titanium flushing equipment. In order to solve the corrosion of high temperature H2S, C02 and water vapor at 600-700atm in natural gas wellheads in China, Ti-6Al-4V valve plates, valve seats and valve stems have been used. The long-term effect is very good.
Offshore oil and gas production must withstand seawater corrosion and stress corrosion for a long time. Ti-6Al-4V is widely used in foreign countries as pillars of oil platforms, rope supports, high-pressure pumps for seawater circulation pressurization systems, risers and couplings. Because Ti-6A1-4V is not only resistant to seawater corrosion, but also has high toughness, high yield strength and high fatigue limit. Recently, titanium prestressed oil production pipe joints have been selected abroad. This joint is simple and quick to assemble, light in weight, and maintains elastic sealing. Titanium is the best material. China's offshore oil industry is entering a large-scale development stage. At present, the structural components, key components and equipment of the platform are imported from abroad, and domestic materials are rarely used. But it can be expected that titanium alloys will find a broad market here.
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What aspects affect the mechanical properties of titanium alloy rods

For titanium alloys of the same composition, different casting conditions, different casting sizes and wall thickness will affect the mechanical properties. The comparison of the mechanical properties of cast Ti6A14v titanium alloy rods under static casting and centrifugal casting conditions can be seen The centrifugal casting improves the mechanical properties of titanium alloy rods.
The mechanical properties of Ti6A14V titanium alloy rods with different wall thicknesses are due to the rapid cooling rate of falling wall castings, which can easily form chilled structures, and are not suitable for shrinkage and easy to form shrinkage defects. Thin-walled castings usually have higher tensile strength Strength and low plasticity. At the same time, it is also stated that when testing the mechanical properties of castings, it is necessary to specify the sampling location and clarify the index performance.
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Application of titanium and titanium alloy materials in petrochemical industry

Titanium heat exchangers, condensers and related auxiliary equipment have been successfully used in petrochemical enterprises for more than 20 years. The most commonly used industrial titanium in titanium (the most widely used is TA2), Ti-6Al-4V (when a certain strength is required), and Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo (when a gap exists or in a non-oxidizing medium) .
(1) In the crude oil refining with high sulfur and high salt content, titanium equipment is ideal. Many foreign countries have successfully selected titanium equipment for many years in atmospheric distillation equipment, sewage treatment equipment, condensers for desulfurization separation towers, and radiators for stripping towers. China has also used cast titanium seawater pumps, titanium condensers in catalytic cracking fractionation, cryogenically separated titanium condensers, and porous titanium plates in this system, all of which have been in normal operation for more than ten years.
(2) Chlorinated hydrocarbons are one of the largest varieties in petrochemical industry. Because of the chlorination reaction involved, stainless steel equipment has become incompetent. Dichloromethane rectification towers, trichloroethane heat exchangers, condensation towers and fractionation towers, trichloroethylene condensation towers, perchloroethylene heat exchangers and polychloride coil heaters have been manufactured from titanium materials abroad. In the production of vinyl chloride in China, Ti-0. 2Pd lining has been used for the cooling tower, waste water stripping tower and waste water storage tank's tray supporting frame, piping and flange sealing surface. It has not been used for nearly ten years. Titanium pipes, joints and gas distributors have been used for many years.
(3) Phenol is an important raw material for petrochemical industry. It is a new process to obtain phenol and acetone from cumene and cumene peroxide using propylene and benzene in oil and gas refining as raw materials. Titanium equipment has been used in foreign countries for more than a decade, and this process is still under development in China. In the old process, benzene sulfonated alkali solution was used to produce phenol. In China, a neutralization reactor made of titanium, a titanium coil cooler, and a stirrer shaft sleeve made of ionized titanium nitride have been used in China. The effect is very good.
(4) In the device for oxidizing ethylene to acetaldehyde, acetaldehyde to acetic acid, and propylene to synthesize acetone, in addition to the raw materials and products being corrosive, the main corrosive medium is the catalyst, stainless steel corrodes very quickly, only titanium Has good corrosion resistance. As early as 1963, the United States successfully applied titanium in the production of ethylene to acetaldehyde. China's first ethylene oxidation to acetaldehyde unit was put into use in 1976, and the titanium equipment has been operating well so far. Foreign titanium-lined reactors are up to 9.6m in diameter and 3m in diameter. There are also 11 titanium equipment such as heat exchangers, catalyst regeneration towers, and acetaldehyde solution coolers. Since the 1980s in China, Shanghai and Jilin have introduced foreign complete sets of equipment for ethylene oxidation to acetaldehyde. Many of these equipment and pump valves are made of titanium. Compared with stainless steel, it has obvious advantages and the use effect is very satisfactory. The final design of the oxidation of propylene to acetone. There are 12 titanium equipment, a factory with an annual output of 30,000 tons of acetone, and a titanium equipment of 40t.
(5) Oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid is a common process in China. Titanium has been used as a high-boiler reboiler, first-grade acetic acid column reboiler and condensation cooler. Titanium equipment is used abroad in rectification towers, fractionation towers and distillation towers. Especially in the oxidation of lower alkanes to acetic acid, there are many by-products. The content of formic acid reaches 8%, which is extremely corrosive. At this time, the use of titanium instead of stainless steel is very effective.
(6) Terephthalic acid is a raw material for synthetic polyester. It is industrially prepared by the para-xylene oxidation method. No matter high temperature oxidation or low temperature oxidation, there is high temperature corrosion of acetic acid and bromide. In a medium with a temperature higher than 135 ° C, pitting corrosion occurs in 316L stainless steel after tens of hours. Therefore, the design code stipulates that titanium must be used above 135 ° C. Beijing Petrochemical Plant introduced a complete set of titanium equipment, including 16 oxidation reactors, solvent dehydration towers, heaters, condensers, reboilers and so on. Nanjing Yangzi Petrochemical Company has introduced an annual output of 450,000 tons of terephthalic acid equipment, 56 titanium equipment and a large number of titanium pipeline valves. The oxidation reactor introduced by Shanghai Petrochemical Plant has a height of 32m, an upper diameter of 4m, a lower diameter of 5.3m, a volume of 505m, and a weight of 175t. The use of titanium has a good effect, and it has a bright future for application.
(7) Urea is a high-quality chemical fertilizer and a petrochemical raw material. Since the first titanium-lined urea synthesis tower was put into production in 1963, nearly 10,000 devices have been running around the world. Practice has shown that there is no significant corrosion in the titanium-lined synthesis tower. The reduced corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel is 4.1-4.5mm / a. Therefore, titanium has better economic benefits than stainless steel. In addition to titanium-lined urea synthesis towers, since the 1970s, C02 stripping towers, heat exchangers, mixers and pump valves have been used in China.
Titanium is widely used in petrochemical industry, with numerous examples.
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Comparison of Three Processes for Hot Extrusion of Titanium Alloy Rods

Titanium alloy rod hot extrusion is the extrusion of powder under the condition of increasing the temperature, so that the product is fully densified. The hot extrusion method can accurately control the composition of the material and the internal structure of the alloy. The hot extrusion method can be divided into two forms of the sheathed hot extrusion method and the non-encapsulated hot extrusion method.
For the active metal titanium and titanium alloy powder, in order to prevent the product from oxidizing, the sheath hot extrusion method is often used. At this time, the package is prepared first, and the powder or compact must be packed in the package. After pre-pumping and sealing, it is placed in an extruder for hot extrusion.
The sheathing material used at this time should have good thermoplasticity, do not form a full gold with the discharge material, be easy to peel off after hot extrusion, convenient sources, and low cost. The most commonly used are low carbon steel or stainless steel sheet.
The first process of hot extrusion of titanium alloy rods is to combine forming, sintering and hot working to directly obtain diamond products with better mechanical properties.
The second process is to shape titanium and titanium alloy powder. After sintering, the prepared sintered compact is hot-extruded (for Ti-32Mo alloy, the temperature is 1000-1100 ° C) to obtain the properties of the titanium alloy product. Effect of squeeze ratio on the properties of titanium. As can be seen from the table, titanium materials with a theoretical density of 98.6% -99.1% can be obtained.
The third process of titanium alloy rod is the process of filling blank extrusion, which is an important method that can be used to make complex section products. The process includes: preparing a covering cavity, and determining the cavity size according to the required final product size plus the extrusion coefficient; The powder is filled into the cavity and shaken by vibration; the envelope is evacuated, vented, and sealed; extrusion is performed at a certain temperature and extrusion ratio; and the envelope is peeled.
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Titanium alloy materials such as titanium rods and plates

Titanium alloys can be divided into structural titanium alloys, heat-resistant titanium alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys, low-temperature alloys, and special function alloys (memory alloys, superconducting alloys, hydrogen storage alloys), etc. according to their uses.
1.Structure titanium alloy
Low-strength titanium alloys are mainly used for corrosion-resistant titanium alloys. Other titanium alloys are used for structural parts called structural alloys. In practical applications, structural titanium alloys are divided into: ordinary strength titanium alloys, medium strength titanium alloys, and high strength titanium. alloy. Ordinary strength titanium alloy: Due to its good formability and weldability, it is mostly used in the manufacture of various aviation sheet parts and hydraulic products, bicycles and other civilian products. Medium strength titanium alloy: The typical alloy is Gr5, which is mostly used in high-tech industries such as aerospace and rocket launching. High-strength titanium alloy: Generally used to replace the high-level structural steel commonly used in aircraft structures.
2.Heat-resistant titanium alloy
Refers to titanium alloys suitable for long-term work at higher temperatures. It has high transient endurance strength over the entire working temperature range, good plasticity, good creep resistance and good thermal stability at room temperature, and fatigue resistance at room temperature and high temperature. Mostly used to manufacture aircraft parts, blades, air intake boxes and aircraft structural parts.
3.Corrosion-resistant titanium alloy
It is suitable for the application of titanium alloys in strong corrosive media. Corrosion-resistant titanium alloys are mainly low-strength alloys. In practice, titanium-molybdenum, titanium targets, titanium-molybdenum targets, titanium-nickel, titanium-tantalum and other alloys are common.
4.Low temperature titanium alloy
It refers to α and α-β titanium alloys suitable for use at low temperatures. The strength of such titanium alloys increases with decreasing temperature, and the toughness rarely decreases with decreasing temperature. It can be used as low temperature structural parts. It has been widely used in shipbuilding, chemical industry, metallurgy and medical treatment.
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Comparison of hot forging of powder forging and titanium plate

Although the inherent properties of the material can affect the difficulty of the extrusion process, the thickness of the extrusion jacket and the extrusion method will affect the quality of the extrusion product, but the extrusion temperature is the most important factor in controlling the hot extrusion parameters. Too high hot extrusion temperature may damage the microstructure of titanium plate products and shorten the life of extrusion tools; too low hot extrusion temperature will cause difficulty in extrusion.
Compared to the low strain rate of hot isostatic pressing of titanium plates, powder forging has a high strain rate at high temperatures. Using hot forging can not only make the product have a dense final shape and size, but also obtain a uniform grain structure, which significantly improves the strength and toughness of the product. At the same time, it can maintain the advantages of less powder metallurgy and chipless technology, and has the characteristics of accurate forming, high material utilization, low forging energy, long mold life and low cost.
In plastic flow, the behavior of porous compacts is the main focus of powder forging.
Powder forging is a combination of densification and flow during uniaxial pressing. In powder forging, reducing friction is important to improve the density and uniformity of the properties of the forged product. Without lubrication, forged powder products exhibit a low density in the radial region. Friction during forging will cause tensile stress in the periphery, resulting in micro-cracks.
In powder compacts, high porosity means that the material is fragile and has a low Poisson's ratio.
At high temperatures, due to the lower strength and work hardening of titanium materials, metals show good fluidity under stress. The stress required for powder compacts to deform to full density at room temperature is much higher than the actual stress. To achieve full density, heat compaction can be used. High-porosity powder compacts are much more fragile than cast-plated products. If the compacted powder is compacted by thermoforming, its properties can be similar to those of cast silver products. Although hot forging to full density is difficult, the elimination of final voids is very beneficial to the performance of the product. The main height strain (usually more than 50%) is conducive to the elimination of pores and good bonding between particles. Of course, too large principal height strains may cause microcracks. Ultimately, the size of the titanium plate compact must be sufficient to fill the shape of the part at full density. The hot forging temperature depends on the stress required to achieve sufficient deformation. The size and density of the green compact depends on the lateral constraints of the mold and the shape of the part. A too large original height to diameter ratio may cause wrinkles, so there is a limit on the ratio of height to diameter.
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Treatment method of surface defects after titanium forgings are made into parts

After the titanium forgings are made into parts, their stress, importance and working conditions are different during use. The materials and metallurgical processes are also different. Therefore, different parts are divided into titanium forgings according to the above situation and according to the requirements of this department. The classification of titanium forgings is different according to the classification, different departments, and different standards. But no matter what, the quality inspection of titanium forgings is inseparable from the two major types of inspection, namely the appearance quality and internal quality inspection, but the types of titanium forgings are different, and the specific inspection items, inspection quantities and inspection requirements It's different. For example, some industrial departments classify structural steel, stainless steel, and heat-resistant steel titanium forgings into Class IV for inspection, some departments classify aluminum alloy titanium forgings and die titanium forgings into Class III for inspection, and others Aluminum alloy and copper alloy titanium forgings are classified into Class IV for inspection.
Specifically, the appearance quality inspection of titanium forgings is to check whether the shape and geometric dimensions of titanium forgings meet the requirements of the design, whether the surface of titanium forgings is defective, what kind of defects are, and what are their morphological characteristics. The inspection of the surface condition is generally to check whether the surface of the titanium forging has surface cracks, folds, wrinkles, pits, orange peel, blistering, scars, corrosion pits, bumps, foreign objects, underfill, pits, lack of meat, Defects such as scratches. The internal quality inspection is to check the internal quality of the titanium forging itself. It is a quality condition that cannot be found by the appearance quality inspection. It includes both the inspection of the internal defects of the titanium forging and the mechanical properties of the titanium forging. Or large-scale titanium forgings should also be analyzed for chemical composition. For internal defects, we will use low magnification inspection, fracture inspection, and high magnification inspection to check whether titanium forgings have internal cracks, shrinkage, looseness, coarse grains, white spots, dendritic crystals, and streamlines that do not conform to the shape and streamlines. Disorders, flow through, coarse crystal rings, oxide film, delamination, overheating, overburning and other defects. As for the mechanical properties, the tensile strength, plasticity, toughness, hardness, fatigue strength, high-temperature transient fracture strength, high-temperature durable strength, durable plasticity, and high-temperature creep strength are checked at room temperature.
The existence of defects in titanium forgings may affect the processing quality or processing quality of subsequent processes, and some seriously affect the performance and use of titanium forgings, and even greatly reduce the service life of the manufactured parts and endanger safety. Therefore, in order to guarantee or improve the quality of titanium forgings, in addition to strengthening the quality control in the process and taking corresponding measures to prevent the occurrence of defects in titanium forgings, the necessary quality inspection should be carried out to prevent the subsequent processes (such as heat treatment, surface treatment, Cold working) and the use of titanium forgings with defects that have a bad effect on performance flow into subsequent processes. After quality inspection, according to the nature of the defect and the extent of the impact on the use of remedial measures can be taken to make titanium forgings to meet technical standards or requirements for use.
Therefore, in a sense, the quality inspection of titanium forgings is to check the quality of manufactured titanium forgings on the one hand, and to point out the improvement direction of the forging process, so as to ensure that the quality of titanium forgings meets the requirements of titanium forging technical standards. And meet the design, processing, and use requirements. The inspection of the quality of titanium forgings includes the inspection of appearance quality and internal quality. Appearance quality inspection mainly refers to the inspection of the geometric size, shape and surface condition of titanium forgings; internal quality inspection mainly refers to the inspection of chemical composition, macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium forgings.
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What are the advantages of titanium alloy plate compared with other material plates

Titanium alloy plate has high strength and small density, good mechanical properties, good toughness, and corrosion resistance. In addition, titanium alloy has poor process performance and difficult cutting processing, and it is very easy to absorb impurities such as oxyhydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon in hot processing There is also poor abrasion resistance and complex production processes.
The advantages of titanium alloys are mainly excellent rust prevention performance, and they are ecological metals. They will not cause allergic and immune reactions after long-term contact with the human body, so many prosthetic joints use titanium alloys. The main application in cutting tools comes from the following characteristics. It has a mild feel, is not as cold as steel, and is similar to aluminum, but has higher hardness and abrasion resistance than aluminum alloys. Therefore, it is often used as a high-end tool holder material. There are not many titanium alloys for the blade, because although titanium alloys are lighter than steel alloys, their hardness can only reach about HRC46, which is not universally the standard for cutting tool hardness. Occasionally, they are only used on diving knives for the purpose of outstanding antirust performance in seawater. The operating temperature is several hundred degrees higher than that of titanium alloy plates, and it can still maintain the required strength at medium temperature. It can work for a long time at a temperature of 450 ～ 500 ℃. The two types of titanium alloys are still very high in the range of 150 ℃ ～ 500 ℃ The specific strength of aluminum alloy decreases obviously at 150 ℃. The working temperature of titanium alloy can reach 500 ℃, while that of aluminum alloy is below 200 ℃.
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In addition to high strength and good corrosion resistance, what are the characteristics of TC4 titanium alloy?

Titanium alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, low density, good fatigue strength and crack propagation resistance, and has wide application prospects in aviation, aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding, energy, and other industries. Titanium's excellent corrosion resistance and good specific strength make titanium tubes thinner and better heat transfer products than other traditional metal pipe fittings.
TC4 titanium alloy is one of the most widely used titanium alloys at present. It has high strength and good corrosion resistance. However, it is difficult to see TC4 seamless titanium tubes in the seamless titanium tube market at home and abroad. TC4 titanium is mainly plate material, and TC4 pipes on the market are mainly high-strength thick-walled pipes produced by hot extrusion or oblique perforation. The main reason for this current situation is the high strength of TC4 titanium alloy and the difficulty of cold rolling. In order to solve the key technology of the cold rolling forming of TC4 seamless pipe, a series of researches have been carried out by the school and the enterprise. For example, the direct cold-rolled forming process is used to produce high-strength titanium alloy pipes, which not only greatly reduces production costs, but also meets the requirements for high-performance applications of titanium alloys.
The billet is opened with different deformation amounts, and the billet is rolled into a pipe with a total deformation of 70% through two passes and three passes. Vacuum annealing was performed at 800 ° C for 1 hour between passes, and the cooling method was that the furnace was cooled to 500 ° C and then air-cooled to room temperature, and the structure and property changes were observed. Concluded:
In the case of a small deformation amount, the wall thickness deviation is small, and the surface roughness is gradually reduced; when the large deformation amount is opened, the wall thickness deviation is large, which will affect the wall thickness deviation of the subsequent rolling. When the total amount of deformation is the same, the more rolling passes, the greater the elongation and hardness of the pipe, and the higher the strength.
The comprehensive performance is good. The material flow is large when rolling with large deformation, and the material flow is small when rolling with small deformation. Under the same heat treatment conditions and the subsequent rolling process, the large deformation The distortion of the tube structure obtained by the blanking is more serious. The small deformation amount has little effect on the anisotropy of the pipe; there is a certain fluctuation in the anisotropy of the mechanical properties in multi-pass rolling.
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The difference between a titanium pot and a stainless steel pot

The hazard of stainless steel pot: The stainless steel pot is made of iron-chromium alloy infiltrated with trace metal elements such as nickel, molybdenum, titanium, cadmium, manganese, etc. These trace metal elements are harmful to the human body and can cause cancer when used for a long time!
The harm of iron pot: iron pot is easy to rust, and the human body absorbs too much iron oxide, that is, rust, which will harm the liver!
We all know that ordinary iron pots are susceptible to rust, and the water in the pot needs to be dried every time it is used up. The titanium pan need not worry about these problems at all, because titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, even if it is a highly corrosive liquid such as seawater and aqua regia, it is difficult to erode it, and there is no need to worry about rust.
In recent years, with the continuous development and application of new materials, titanium has gradually entered the civilian market. Developed a series of titanium-related products. Such as titanium chopsticks, titanium bowls, titanium spoons, titanium cups, titanium pots, etc., leading a revolution in kitchenware with the theme of health, environmental protection, non-toxic and harmless.
Titanium pot is made of 99.5% metal titanium as the contact layer, pure aluminum as the middle layer, magnetically conductive 430 stainless steel as the bottom layer, and a three-layer composite structure. Why not use a pure titanium single-layer structure for pots? That's because of the need to balance thermal conductivity (good thermal conductivity of aluminum) and magnetic permeability (applicable to 430 stainless steel induction cookers).
Titanium pot opening: Although the titanium pot has no coating and anti-rust film, the opening process is also essential! The newly purchased titanium pot is washed with detergent first and then washed with hot water to remove impurities such as oil and floating ash. Then pour water into the pot, add a little white vinegar, place it on the stove and heat it to a boil, turn off the heat, and rinse it with hot water to remove impurities such as metals and oil. Put the cleaned titanium pot on the stove again, turn off the heat after the water is dry, pour a little edible oil while the pot is warm, and wipe the edible oil on the inner wall of the pot with a soft cloth. Or use lard evenly for 1-2 hours or longer.
Titanium pot use: Titanium pot has excellent heat conduction and energy storage performance. In use, medium and small fires have the effect of general pots with large fires. Daily cooking with medium and small fires can meet the needs. (Except for those who want to stir-fry). Pour the medium heat pot into cooking oil, and then turn to low heat or cook on medium heat. In addition, titanium is extremely active. As the number of users increases, the surface oxide film will become thicker.
Maintenance of titanium pot: The scientific use of titanium pot is very important. Heat the pan first, and then pour the oil. Add the food when the oil is hot. It's not so easy to stick to the pan. Not sure if the pot is hot enough, you can do a simple test with water: drop a small drop of water (1/8 teaspoon) into the pot. If the water touches the pot, it immediately becomes a drop of water and slides along the surface of the pot, Your pot has been preheated and can be poured!
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What are the characteristics of titanium rods?

Titanium alloys can be divided into three types according to the composition of the phases: α alloy, (α + β) alloy, and β alloy. China is represented by TA, TC, and TB, respectively.
1. Alpha alloys contain a certain amount of elements that stabilize the alpha phase and are mainly composed of the alpha phase in equilibrium. Alpha alloy has a small specific gravity, good thermal strength, good weldability, and excellent corrosion resistance. The disadvantage is low room temperature strength, which is usually used as heat-resistant materials and corrosion-resistant materials. Alpha alloys are generally divided into full alpha alloys (TA7), near alpha alloys (Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V), and alpha alloys (Ti-2.5Cu) with a small number of compounds.
2. The β alloy contains a large number of elements that stabilize the β phase and can retain all of the high-temperature β phases to room temperature. Beta alloys are generally divided into heat-treatable beta alloys (metastable beta alloys and near metastable beta alloys) and thermally stable beta alloys. The heat-treated β alloy has excellent plasticity in the quenched state and can achieve a tensile strength of 130 to 140 kg / mm2 through aging treatment. Beta alloys are commonly used as high-strength, high-toughness materials. The disadvantages are high specific gravity, high cost, poor welding performance, and difficult cutting.
3. (α + β) alloy contains a certain amount of elements that stabilize the α phase and the β phase, and the microstructure of the alloy in the equilibrium state is the α phase and the β phase. (α + β) the alloy has medium strength and can be strengthened by heat treatment, but its welding performance is poor. (α + β) alloys are widely used, among which the output of Ti-6Al-4V alloy accounts for more than half of all titanium materials.
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What is the corrosion resistance of titanium? How does it perform in common media?

The inertness of the titanium tube depends on the existence of the oxide film. Its corrosion resistance in the oxidizing medium is much better than that in the reducing medium, and rapid corrosion can occur in the reducing medium. Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance in some corrosive media, such as seawater, wet chlorine, chlorite, and hypochlorite solutions, nitric acid, chromic acid, metal chlorides, sulfides, and organic acids. However, in the medium in which titanium reacts to produce hydrogen (such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid), titanium usually corrodes relatively quickly. However, adding a small amount of oxidant to the acid will cause titanium to form a passivation film to delay its corrosion, so in the mixed night of strong sulfuric acid-nitric acid or hydrochloric acid-nitric acid, even in hydrochloric acid containing free chlorine, titanium is corrosion-resistant. Titanium's protective oxide film is often formed when metal encounters water. Even small amounts of water or water vapor can form. If titanium is exposed to a strongly oxidizing environment completely free of water, rapid oxidation can occur and violent combustion can occur. This behavior occurs when titanium reacts with fuming nitric acid containing excessive nitrogen oxides, and titanium reacts with dry chlorine.
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