Thin titanium sheet and titanium alloy are widely used in various types of ships.

Studies have found that due to the high grinding temperature, the grinding debris easily reacts with elements such as oxygen and nitrogen in the air to form a hard layer and a brittle layer, thereby accelerating the wear of the grinding wheel.

Because titanium alloy has the characteristics of high chemical activity, high viscosity and good toughness, coupled with high temperature and high pressure in the grinding zone, adhesion between abrasive particles and metal surface due to affinity occurs, which makes the grinding wheel wear faster and affects the surface quality and dimensional accuracy are difficult to guarantee.

Generally, the grinding force per unit width is about 2-3 times that of ordinary carbon steel, and the radial force is greater than the tangential force.

Due to the high grinding temperature, greater thermal stress is generated on the ground surface, which not only causes grinding burns but also causes grinding micro-cracks. These micro-cracks are hairline-like, and their direction is generally perpendicular to the grinding direction, and the grinding surface is yellow-brown spots. Due to the influence of grinding heat, residual tensile stress is generated on the surface of the workpiece, which reduces the fatigue strength of the parts and affects the service life of the parts.

Because the grinding wheel is easy to passivate and jam, the grinding ratio is very low. On the premise of ensuring the quality of the workpiece, the productivity can only be reduced.

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Popularize the heat treatment process of titanium tube

There are two implementation standards for titanium plates, the national standard is GB/T3621-2007, GB/T13810-2007, and the American standard is ASTM B265, ASTM F136, ASTM F67, AMS4928.

1. The oxide film on the surface of the titanium seed plate is equivalent to a good durable wear-resistant hair separating agent. The use of titanium seed plate saves the separating agent, makes the electrode plate easy to peel off, and eliminates the pre-treatment process of the seed plate. The board is half lighter than the copper seed board.

2. The service life of the titanium seed plate is more than 3 times that of the copper seed plate, and it can reach 10 to 20 years depending on the operating conditions

3. The electrolytic copper produced from the titanium seed plate has a dense crystal structure, a smooth surface and high quality.

4. Since the titanium seed plate does not need to be coated with a separating agent, it can avoid the pollution of the copper electrolyte.

5. Increase the production capacity and reduce the production cost of electrolytic copper, thereby having better economic benefits.

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Welding process of titanium tube heat exchanger tube sheet

TC6 titanium alloy plate is a martensitic ti-al-mo-cr-fe-si alloy with good comprehensive properties. Its nominal composition is ti-6al-2.5mo-1.5cr-0.5fe-0.3si, and the α/β transition temperature is 960～1000℃. The alloy not only has the advantages of high specific strength and good corrosion resistance of ordinary titanium alloys but also has good comprehensive mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature. The use temperature can be as high as 450°C. It is often used to manufacture important parts such as aero-engine blades and turbine discs, and can also be used to manufacture aircraft partitions, joints and other parts. my country has done a lot of work on the processing technology and performance optimization of TC6 titanium alloy forgings, castings, pipes and bars, but there are few studies on TC6 alloy plates. Through the control of TC6 plate cold rolling process, the basic process parameters of TC6 plate cold rolling are determined, and the cold rolling process performance of TC6 plate is studied.

The test TC6 titanium alloy ingot was smelted three times in a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace. The β-transition temperature is 975～985℃, the specific chemical composition is (wt%): al6.2, mo2.5, cr1.4, fe0.41, si0.29, o0.10, Zr<0.01, C<0.01 , N<0.01, titanium slag. The TC6 ingot is billeted in the β phase zone and forged in the α+β phase zone. After intermediate annealing and pickling, a cold rolling hardening test is carried out. When the processing speed is increased by 5%, a 200mm long test material is cut from the head of the plate, and then the remaining plate is rolled. Repeated rolling and sampling until edge cracks or surface cracks appear. The thickness, width, edge cracks, microstructure and mechanical properties of the test board were tested.

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What technical requirements do titanium rods need to meet?

Fixed fishing nets used in marine aquaculture, after contact with organic matter and bacteria, diatoms will multiply, while shellfish, barnacles and other marine organisms that feed on diatoms will gather and adhere, which will not only increase the flow resistance and cause the fishing net Decontamination of the fish, and will cause anoxic infections, causing problems such as stunted fish development. For this reason, antiseptics, fungicides, etc. are generally used, but in this case, the service life of the fixed net does not exceed 20 years, and in order to remove the attached microorganisms, the net must be regularly pulled ashore for the mechanical removal, resulting in increased labor costs and Problems such as deterioration of fishing nets. Researchers from the University of Tokyo have studied the weaving of titanium wires into existing polyethylene (PE) fishing nets and electrifying them to electrolyze the seawater near the titanium wires to produce chlorine and ClO-, which can kill bacteria and inhibit bacterial growth. First, a mesh made of platinum-plated titanium wire with a diameter of 1 mm was used as the anode, and a stainless steel 312L plate was used as the cathode to conduct an electrolysis test. The results showed that the applied voltage was 3.0 V. After being placed in seawater for 14 days, the weight of the titanium mesh did not change, while the unpowered titanium mesh attached marine organisms.

The research on braiding is mainly to study the matching of the strength and elongation of titanium wire and PE wire. The existing fishing net is woven by twisting 10 PE monofilaments with a diameter of 0.10 mm into composite yarns and then twisting 2 composite yarns into twisted yarns. The researched titanium mesh is made by twisting 10 PE monofilaments and 1 titanium wire into twisted filaments, and then twisting the two twisted filaments into twisted filaments for weaving. Tensile tests of monofilament, twisted and twisted filaments of different diameter titanium wires (Φ0.10 mm, Φ0.25 mm, and Φ0.50 mm) and PE wires were carried out. The results show that the elongation of titanium wire is lower than that of PE wire, especially the titanium wire of Φ0.10 mm. The titanium wire (Φ0.25 mm, Φ0.50 mm) in the titanium composite wire broke simultaneously with the surrounding PE, and the titanium wire (Φ0.25 mm) in the titanium twisted wire broke simultaneously with the surrounding PE. It shows that the fishing net twisted into the titanium wire has the same strength as the existing fishing net woven with polyethylene wire.

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Titanium tube processing technology and tolerances

Titanium plate has the characteristics of low density, high specific strength and corrosion resistance, and has great potential for application in the automotive industry. The use of titanium and titanium alloys in cars can save fuel, reduce engine noise and vibration, and improve life span. However, for a long time, automotive materials have been the national material for steel, Al and other materials. In order for Ti materials to enter the automotive market, in addition to its own functional advantages, costs must be further reduced to a level acceptable to the automotive industry. Ti titanium plate metallurgical parts for automobiles are a very promising category, but due to the current constraints of cost and other factors, the application and development are slow. Using leading titanium plate metallurgy technology to prepare Ti titanium plate metallurgical parts can not only greatly reduce costs, but also help the promotion of Ti and its alloys in the automotive industry, making it another major application after the aerospace industry category. The development of low-cost titanium and its alloy titanium plates can provide low-cost materials for metallurgical parts of titanium and titanium plates for automobiles. Judging from the existing skills, the sponge Ti powder method, the hydrogenation dehydrogenation method and the metal hydride restoration method are mainly suitable for the automobile industry.

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Welding process of titanium and titanium alloy

As an important metal processing technology, welding plays an important role in industrial production and national defense construction. With the change of industrial structure and the development of science and technology, advanced welding structure is an effective way to reduce material consumption and reduce structure quality. Various welding technologies have broad application prospects. With the development of the titanium industry, its welding technology has attracted more and more attention.

Titanium has the advantages of high specific strength, corrosion resistance of seawater and other media, low temperature resistance, and high fatigue strength at high temperature, low expansion coefficient, good workability, etc. The structure built with it can be used in any natural environment. Can fully play its role. In ship applications, in addition to its characteristics of seawater corrosion resistance and high specific strength, it also has the advantages of non-magnetic, sound transmission, shock resistance and other advantages. The use of titanium and titanium alloys in ships greatly extends the service life of the equipment , Reducing the weight, improving the technical and tactical performance of equipment and the entire ship, so titanium is an excellent ship structure material.

As an important metal processing technology, welding plays an important role in industrial production and national defense construction. With the change of industrial structure and the development of science and technology, advanced welding structure is an effective way to reduce material consumption and reduce structural quality. This welding technology has broad application prospects. With the development of the titanium industry, its welding technology has attracted more and more attention. Titanium has a higher melting point and poor thermal conductivity. Therefore, it is easy to form a larger molten pool due to improper parameter selection during welding, and the temperature of the molten pool is high. This makes the weld and heat-affected zone metal stay at high temperature for a longer time, and the grain growth tendency is obvious, which reduces the plasticity and toughness of the joint and causes cracks. Therefore, the welding process of titanium and titanium alloys is a problem that needs to be solved continuously.

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Titanium surface treatment modification technology

1. Aviation

The largest user of titanium materials in the past and now is the aviation industry. Now titanium and titanium alloy materials are widely used in both military and civil aircraft, and the amount directly affects the rise and fall of the titanium industry. If the world economy enters a recession, it will directly respond In the world's aviation industry, there are fewer people traveling by plane, and the aviation industry of various countries is in decline, and there will be fewer aircraft orders and less titanium consumption. After the September 11 incident occurred in the United States in 2001, the world aviation industry had a short period of low ebb and short-term adjustments. As a result, the titanium industry also shrank for a period of time. At present, the United States is experiencing a storm of subprime debt, which has caused the economy to be in turmoil and again. During the period of slow recession, the world economy was also affected to a certain extent, but it is not yet clear how much impact it will have on the titanium industry. Titanium is mainly used in aircraft in the following places.

(1) It is the engine. The amount of titanium used in each engine accounts for 20-30% of the total weight of the engine. It is mainly the components of the compressor, including blades, hubs, inlet guide valves, and shells.

(2) It is the aircraft skeleton. Titanium is used in this area. Because of the high specific strength of titanium alloy, titanium is the first choice among all metal materials. Everyone knows that our country also needs to manufacture large aircraft, one of which is very important. The hardware is a large-tonnage forging machine. The largest titanium alloy dies forging machine in the world is currently 75,000 tons in Russia. Now a project has been established in Yanliang, Xi’an, and an 80,000-ton die forging machine is prepared. The first phase For the 40,000-ton project, the investment will be 195 million yuan and it will be put into operation at the end of 2009. The second-phase project will be 80,000-ton, and the investment will be 850 million yuan. What material is forged by these die forging machines? It is the aircraft frame made of titanium alloy. Especially the middle and rear sections of the rack. The middle section is the connecting section of the wing and the fuselage, which is the most stressed part of the frame, and the rear section is the installation part of the engine, which is also an important part of the force.

(3) Landing gear. Support frame, etc. Many aeroplane crashes are at the time of take-off and landing. Because the load and impact force of the aeroplane is very large when taking off and landing, the requirements on the landing gear are very high. The choice of titanium alloy not only guarantees the performance requirements of high strength and impact resistance but also is lighter than the choice of high-quality steel.

(4) It is the riveting parts for the wing skin and internal fixation. Some aircraft choose titanium as the wing skin, mainly some military aircraft. There are tens of thousands of rivets and fasteners on an aircraft. Our country produces cold There are three or four professional standard parts factories for hot rivets and fasteners. Their factories only produce various types of bolts, nuts and rivets, most of which are made of titanium and titanium alloy materials.

2. Medical applications

There are two main applications of titanium in medicine, one is pharmaceuticals, and the other is human implants.

(1) Application of titanium equipment in the pharmaceutical industry

In the pharmaceutical production process, the equipment is exposed to hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid and its salts, and organic solvents and other media, causing serious corrosion of the equipment. If production is stopped frequently for maintenance, production will be affected, and the corrosion of equipment will directly affect the quality of medicines. Therefore, many pharmaceutical companies now use titanium materials for air drying devices, pipes, screw feeders, heaters, and cyclones in pharmaceutical equipment. On the one hand, the corrosion rate is only 0.008—0.003mm/a, and the most important thing is that It is ensured that the quality of the medicine will not be affected by the corrosion of the equipment.

(2) Application of titanium materials on the human body

Because titanium has higher strength, lower modulus, and good biocompatibility, it has now become a common medical substitute for human bones. Titanium is used to make hip joints, elbow joints, bone screws, knee joints, and bone plates. .Dental implants (that is, dental implants in dental hospitals, the price is very high), denture brackets, crown bridges, and orthodontic wires, surgical instruments, heart rhythm regulator boxes, etc. Even now it has developed into titanium alloy precision cast prostheses. Some children have irregular teeth and need to be corrected. The dental hospital will use memory alloy wires made of titanium-nickel alloy for correction. Some people have narrow blood vessels in a certain part, and doctors will recommend implanting blood vessels made of titanium. The stents can now be replaced with titanium materials from head to toe. There is a 68-year-old Peter Horton in the United States who has serious heart disease. In order to save his life, the doctor installed a titanium device in his heart. , To help his heart pump blood. He lived on this device for another seven and a half years, becoming the longest person living with an artificial heart. However, medical titanium materials are the most stringent and critical in terms of quality requirements, especially the metallographic requirements can be said to be the most stringent, higher than the military requirements. Neither can there be segregation at low magnification, and the structure of high magnification must be very uniform.

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