Application of Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Titanium metal has become one of the most important anti-corrosion materials in chemical equipment and has established its anti-corrosion position in chemical equipment. As an ideal material in chemical equipment, titanium has also attracted more and more attention from engineers and technicians. After years of implementation, titanium and its alloys have been widely used in chemical production as an excellent corrosion-resistant structural material. Now the use of titanium equipment has expanded from the initial "soda ash and caustic soda industry" to chlorate, ammonium chloride, urea, organic compounds, dyes, inorganic salts, pesticides, constituent fibers, fertilizers, fine chemicals, and other industries. It has developed from small and single to large and diversified. The tool chemical sector estimates that the chemical industry will use more than 1,500 tons of titanium. Now, among the domestic chemical titanium equipment, the largest number is the heat exchanger, followed by the titanium anode and container. The query results show that titanium heat exchangers account for 56.66%, titanium anodes account for 20.41%, titanium containers account for 16.28%, and others account for 6.65%. The earliest and largest use of ASTM B861 25*1.2mm Titanium Tube For Chemical in the chemical industry is the Chlor-alkali industry. Now there are nearly 200 large, medium, and small Chlor-alkali plants in the country, most of which use titanium anode cells and ion membrane cells to produce caustic soda, so the equipment uses a large amount of titanium. Soda ash, also known as sodium carbonate, is one of the basic chemical materials. The methods of producing soda ash mainly include the trona method, ammonia-alkali method, and the combined alkali method using salt as raw material. Regardless of which process is used, the equipment will be severely corroded by media such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.

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Flange is also called flange or flange.

The titanium flange connection is relatively easy to use and can withstand greater pressure. In industrial pipelines, the use of flange connection is very common. There are holes on the flanges for bolts to connect the two flanges tightly. The flanges are sealed with gaskets. Flanged pipe fittings refer to pipe fittings with flanges (flanges or pans). It can be cast, threaded, or welded. Flange connection (flange, joint) consists of a pair of flanges, a gasket, and several bolts and nuts. The gasket is placed between the sealing surfaces of the two flanges. After tightening the nut, the specific pressure on the surface of the gasket will deform when it reaches a certain value, and fill the unevenness on the sealing surface to make the connection tight and leak-proof. Some pipe fittings and equipment already have their own flanges, which are also flanged connections. Flange connection is an important connection method in pipeline construction.

Flange connection is easy to use and can withstand greater pressure. In industrial pipelines, flange connections are widely used. The function of the flange is to fix and seal the connection of the pipe fittings.

Titanium plate manufacturing process

Grade 9 Ti-3Al-2.5V Titanium Plate Hot Forging A forging process performed above the recrystallization temperature of the metal.

Hot rolling is a rolling process performed above the recrystallization temperature.

Cold rolling is a rolling process in which the plastic deformation temperature is lower than the recovery temperature.

Annealing: A metal heat treatment process in which the metal is slowly heated to a certain temperature, maintained for a sufficient time, and then cooled at a suitable rate (usually slow cooling, sometimes controlled cooling).

Pickling: Immerse the workpiece in an aqueous solution such as sulfuric acid to remove oxides and other films on the metal surface. It is the pre-treatment or intermediate treatment of electroplating, enamel, rolling, and other processes.

Titanium is prone to crevice corrosion in some media

Since titanium also has a creep phenomenon at room temperature, the problem of stress relaxation occurs. When selecting titanium bolts, it is best not to use titanium bolts as a forcibly sealed connection. When titanium bolts are required for corrosion resistance, the structural design needs to consider the ease of tightening the bolts regularly to ensure sealing. Titanium, like stainless steel, also has friction bonding and seizure phenomena. The adjustment and action performance of the titanium valve are controlled by the valve stem thread, which is achieved by the rotation of the handwheel and should be guaranteed by the material properties and the manufacturability of each part. Titanium threads are easy to bite, which can be solved with dissimilar materials or threads with larger clearances or with appropriate lubricants. The internal thread that needs to be tapped should be used less, and the turning thread structure with undercut groove should be used as much as possible. It can be cut by general cutting methods, due to the high chemical activity and special physical and mechanical properties of titanium rods and titanium alloys. However, compared with other commonly used metals, there are also special requirements. Master certain processing techniques and pay attention to them during processing. In order to use titanium material economically and rationally, grade 5 titanium round rod is more expensive. Parts made of titanium should not be used as much as possible for parts that are not in contact with corrosive media.

Titanium is prone to crevice corrosion in some media. Structural design should minimize gaps and recesses where water can be stored. The gap between the titanium plate and the titanium plate is also susceptible to corrosion, especially the gap formed by titanium and tetrafluoride. Because titanium is not resistant to solutions containing small amounts of soluble fluoride, fluoride causes passive damage. Therefore, special care should be taken when using PTFE plastic gaskets, fluorine-containing rubber gaskets and adhesives. Its strength index decreases with increasing temperature, and the mechanical properties of titanium change with temperature. For example, the tensile strength and yield strength at 250 to 300 °C are half of those at normal temperature. Even when the design temperature is not high, so. It should also be selected according to the strength value at the design temperature. Titanium has a high yield-to-strength ratio and good durability. When the design temperature is below 316 °C, the tensile strength value at this temperature is often determined by the design strength index. For industrial pure titanium, when the strength index value cannot be improved by heat treatment, when titanium is used in combination with other materials, the thermal expansion coefficient of titanium is small. Pay attention to the stress caused by the differential expansion.

Application of titanium alloy materials in petroleum refining

With the development of industrial modernization, titanium is being widely used as a new metal material. In the petrochemical industry, in general, industrial pure titanium is mainly used to manufacture equipment with high corrosion resistance and high strength; titanium targets, grade 5 titanium round rod molybdenum nickel alloys are used to manufacture equipment used in low oxygen, low pH, and high-temperature chloride environments. Application practice has proved that titanium and titanium alloys are irreplaceable metal structural materials in the development of the petrochemical industry.

Since titanium and titanium alloys have good processing performance and welding performance, they can ensure the manufacturing quality of equipment. Therefore, titanium equipment used in the petrochemical industry has a wide range of materials, mainly titanium plates, titanium strips, titanium tubes, titanium Bars, titanium forgings, castings, titanium composites, etc.

Titanium is an active metal with a strong affinity for oxygen. There is a non-porous and dense oxide film on its surface, which protects the titanium matrix from being corroded in many corrosive media. In the air and any other environment containing moisture and oxygen, when the oxide film is damaged, the titanium surface can immediately form a new film and repair itself. It is precise because of the corrosion resistance of titanium and titanium alloys that titanium can be Completely resistant to corrosion by natural freshwater, semi-alkali water, and saltwater. In the exploitation of sour oil fields and sour gas fields, and in the process of petrochemical production, titanium is highly resistant to a variety of corrosive compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, hydrides, alkalis, and various hydrocarbons found in refineries. All have excellent corrosion resistance. In many refineries, titanium heat exchangers have also shown excellent resistance to abrasion corrosion and cavitation in sour water strippers.

Titanium is completely resistant to corrosion by distilled water and fresh water above 260°C. Industrial pure titanium has been successfully used in chloride media above 260°C. In high-temperature seawater, salt water, high-temperature wet chlorine gas and other high-temperature chlorides with higher than normal concentration, titanium-titanium phase nickel alloy or titanium alloy is used in occasions where industrial pure titanium is prone to local crevice or sediment corrosion.

The equipment used in oil extraction and refining is mainly subject to strong corrosion by atmospheric chlorides such as magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and hydrogen sulfide, especially the hydrogen chloride formed when the hydrolysis of the compound is present. Corrosive. Therefore, the atmospheric distillation units used in oil refineries, especially the tower top and tower top condensers, oil and gas coolers and other equipment, transport sea water pumps, valves and pipes polluted by sulfide and ammonia, etc., have been used in many refineries at home and abroad. Titanium heat exchangers, titanium pumps, valves, titanium piping replace these equipment traditionally made of carbon steel, BIO, B30 copper-nickel alloy, Monel, etc.

The advantages of titanium heat exchangers are: ① Corrosion resistance, and its service life is expected to be more than 10 years; ② It is not easy to produce scaling, and the heat transfer efficiency is high; ③ It is not easy to leak; Stop phenomenon; ⑤ Reduce the consumption of corrosion inhibitors; ⑥ Reduce the pollution to the labor environment; ⑦ Improve the quality and output of products.

Development and application market of low alloy titanium coil

Due to the late start of the development of titanium coil strip products in my country, construction was not started until the national "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period of this century. So far, the key technologies for the production of low-alloy titanium coils are still in the hands of several large titanium coil manufacturers abroad. A domestic enterprise has only begun to conduct in-depth research in recent years and has made preliminary progress. However, the domestic low-alloy titanium coil still needs to be imported in large quantities every year, and its price and demand are controlled by others, so as to suppress and stifle the production of domestic low-alloy titanium coil, so as to achieve the purpose of exporting titanium processed products to China and monopolizing the market.

Titanium alloy coils are mainly used in high-tech fields such as aircraft, spacecraft, submarines, nuclear power plants, medical care, high-end racing cars, and civil fields such as metallurgy, chemical industry, and decoration.

At present, a number of complete titanium coil production lines have been built in China, and they have begun to take shape. The equipment strength has far exceeded that of similar foreign manufacturers. In November 2008, with the successful trial production of domestic cold-rolled titanium coils, a complete production chain from sponge titanium, smelting, forging, rolling, finishing, and deep processing was formed. The production technology of titanium coils has been perfected day by day, and a lot of data and experience have been accumulated for the production of low-alloy wide-width titanium coils.

Due to its excellent compatibility with the human body, titanium has been the preferred material in the medical industry. With the development of the tape market, the medical industry, which previously relied on sheet production to provide raw materials, began to prefer tape production instead, mainly because of the high precision and high consistency of tape production, which can fully guarantee the environment in which the human body is used. Safety, but at the same time, it also puts forward slightly higher strength index requirements, which also promotes the potential of the low alloy market.

In recent years, due to the promotion of titanium for construction and titanium for kitchen utensils, the use of titanium in the civilian market has gradually been accepted by people. Everyone has begun to take the proportion of titanium in life as strength of corporate publicity. In emerging markets such as mobile phone cases, laptops, business card holders, and even business cards, titanium has gradually become a propaganda tool and a carrier of information transmission.