Physical phenomena of titanium machining

The cutting force of titanium alloy processing is only slightly higher than that of steel with the same hardness, but the physical phenomenon of processing titanium alloy is much more complicated than that of processing steel, which makes titanium alloy processing face huge difficulties.

The thermal conductivity of most titanium alloys is very low, only 1/7 of steel and 1/16 of aluminum. Therefore, the heat generated in the process of cutting Grade 9 Ti3Al2.5V Titanium Tubes will not be quickly transferred to the workpiece or taken away by the chips, but will accumulate in the cutting area, and the temperature generated can be as high as 1 000 °C or more, which will cause the cutting edge of the tool to rapidly wear, chip and crack. A built-up edge is created, which quickly causes a worn edge, which in turn generates more heat in the cutting area, further reducing tool life.

The high temperatures generated during the cutting process also destroy the surface integrity of the titanium alloy parts, resulting in a decrease in the geometric accuracy of the parts and work hardening that severely reduces their fatigue strength.

The elasticity of titanium alloys may be beneficial for part performance, but during cutting, the elastic deformation of the workpiece is an important cause of vibration. The cutting pressure causes the "elastic" workpiece to move away from the tool and bounce so that the friction between the tool and the workpiece is greater than the cutting action. The friction process also generates heat, aggravating the problem of poor thermal conductivity of titanium alloys. This problem is even more serious when machining thin-walled or ring-shaped parts that are prone to deformation. It is not an easy task to machine thin-walled titanium alloy parts to the expected dimensional accuracy. Because when the workpiece material is pushed away by the tool, the local deformation of the thin wall has exceeded the elastic range and plastic deformation occurs, and the material strength and hardness of the cutting point increase significantly.

Machining characteristics of medical titanium and titanium alloys

Titanium 6AL-4V ELI is the standard product for the fabrication of hip joints, bone screws, knee joints, plate bones or organs, dentures and surgical devices. However, cobalt-chromium alloys are being used more and more often because of their strength, tighter grain size, and cleanerness than titanium. Machining titanium alloys requires only slightly greater cutting forces than machining steels, however, the metallurgical properties of titanium alloys make them more difficult to machine than steels of moderate hardness. Titanium has a titanium work-hardenability that eliminates consolidated metal (hemming) in front of the cutting tool. This helps to increase the shear angle in machining, thus forming a thin chip that touches the cutting tool surface in a reasonably small area. Because of this work-hardening, the feed should not be suspended during the tool-workpiece motion contact. The large supporting force that occurs during machining, combined with the frictional force generated by the chips in the touch area, causes a large increase in heat in the tool part area. The heat generated by cutting titanium does not dissipate quickly because it is a poor conductor. Therefore, most of the heat is concentrated on the cutting edge and tool surface. The large bearing force and heat form a crater near the cutting edge, causing the tool to be damaged quickly. To make matters worse, Titanium Alloy Threaded Rod have a strong tendency to fuse with the products in the tool to form alloys or revive chemical changes at the working temperature of the tool. damage. These difficulties are multiplied when tools begin to break, so tools used to machine titanium and its alloys should be carefully monitored to ensure sharp edges and replacement before they become dull. The experience of machining titanium and titanium alloys is that if you see any changes during the machining process, you should change the tool immediately, because the change means that the tool will become dull. Another reason to insist on sharp knives is that titanium can catch fire when cutting with a damaged or damaged tool. When incinerated, the metal generates oxygen, so the fire will spontaneously ignite. Therefore, many workshops that process titanium do not report fires, and they are equipped with rescue systems on their machine tools.

Titanium has a moderately low modulus of elasticity and is more elastic than steel and therefore tends to defy the cutting tool when machined unless it is to be cut robustly or used as a proper support. Slender parts tend to deflect under tool pressure, causing problems with tool chatter, tool friction, and tolerance. Through the processing experience, it is believed that the rigidity of the entire system of the tool is very important, and the sharp and accurate shape of the tool should be used. As a result of these pressures, new technologies have been introduced to help shops that make medical parts cope with the competition, and the machining performance can produce these complex parts with very high precision; many innovations in EDM have enabled the production of high-quality parts faster, eliminating many old machining techniques inherent topics.

As a new type of product, titanium has only been developed and used in China's pharmaceutical industry, medical equipment, human implants and other fields for nearly two decades. However, it has achieved great success and achieved significant social and economic benefits, shortening the gap between China and the advanced countries in the world. The use of titanium equipment in the production of many commodities not only solves the equipment corrosion problem that has seriously plagued the company's production and development, but also greatly improves the quality of drugs.

Passivation Characteristics of Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Titanium and Grade 7 Titanium Plate are active metals, which can easily react with oxygen in the air to form a very thin transparent oxide film, which passivates the surface and forms a passivation film. On the one hand, this passivation film protects the base metal and improves the corrosion resistance of the metal surface; on the other hand, because the formation of the passivation film reduces the activity and electrical and thermal conductivity, it is difficult to coat the surface, which will obviously affect the bonding force between the coating layer and the substrate. Therefore, activation treatment must be performed before the surface of titanium and Grade 3 Pure Titanium Plate, which is a critical step to ensure the bonding force between the plated layer and the substrate.

Characteristics and Application of TC4 Titanium Rod

As a new generation of future metal, titanium metal has strong corrosion resistance. The TC4 titanium rod produced, processed, and manufactured with titanium metal as raw material is quite stable in organic media and has a wide range of applications in the medical and chemical fields; machined titanium round rod High-temperature resistance, this feature allows it to be used in high temperature operating environments without deformation and aging; in addition, TC4 titanium rods have high strength, that is, they have super mechanical properties, so they can be used in high-pressure processes; TC4 The regeneration effect of titanium rods is good and the service life is long. There are two kinds of regeneration treatment methods: physical regeneration method and chemical regeneration method. The physical regeneration method includes pure water backflushing, steam backflushing and ultrasonic cleaning; chemical treatment methods include acid washing and alkali cleaning. Wash both.

What are the physical phenomena of titanium processing?

The cutting force of titanium alloy processing is only slightly higher than that of steel with the same hardness, but the physical phenomenon of processing titanium alloy is much more complicated than that of processing steel, which makes titanium alloy processing face huge difficulties. The thermal conductivity of most titanium alloys is very low, only 1/7 of steel and 1/16 of aluminum.

Therefore, the heat generated in the process of cutting titanium alloys will not be quickly transferred to the workpiece or taken away by the chips, but will accumulate in the cutting area, and the temperature generated can be as high as 1 000 °C or more, which will cause the cutting edge of the tool to rapidly wear, chip and crack. A built-up edge is created, which quickly causes a worn edge, which in turn generates more heat in the cutting area, further reducing tool life.

The high temperatures generated during the cutting process also destroy the surface integrity of the titanium tubing for bike frame parts, resulting in a decrease in the geometric accuracy of the parts and work hardening that severely reduces their fatigue strength.

The elasticity of Grade 5 Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Plate may be beneficial for part performance, but during cutting, the elastic deformation of the workpiece is an important cause of vibration. The cutting pressure causes the "elastic" workpiece to move away from the tool and bounce so that the friction between the tool and the workpiece is greater than the cutting action. The friction process also generates heat, aggravating the problem of poor thermal conductivity of titanium alloys.

Defects of Titanium Alloys

Titanium alloys are widely used in important load-bearing components of aircraft and aircraft engines because of their high specific strength, good medium temperature performance, corrosion resistance, and good welding performance, and are an important metal structural material. According to statistics, the weight ratio of titanium alloys used in foreign aircraft has reached about 30%, which shows that the application of titanium alloys in the aviation industry has a broad future.

However, titanium alloy flange also have some disadvantages, such as large deformation resistance, poor thermal conductivity, large notch sensitivity (about 1.5), and changes in microstructure have a significant impact on mechanical properties, which leads to smelting, forging and heat treatment. Complexity, prone to defects in titanium alloy forgings.

Introduction of various new processes for titanium alloy processing

A few days ago, the technical project of "production process of titanium heat exchanger pipe" passed the evaluation of scientific and technological achievements. This technical process is mainly improved for the traditional hot rolling process of seamless steel pipes, and transplanted to the production of titanium alloy seamless pipes, which is similar to the traditional "extrusion forming, bar drilling and boring and cross-rolling and piercing followed by cold rolling and cold drawing" process. The finished product rate of pipes is significantly improved, reaching 97%.

Through the characteristics of titanium alloy tubes, the project has made targeted improvements in the production process. The addition of thermal insulation tunnels and rapid transfer devices to the power of the main motor is innovative to a certain extent. Large titanium alloy tubes up to 12m in length.

 The cutting of titanium and titanium alloy pipes should be carried out mechanically, and the cutting speed should be low; when cutting or grinding Titanium Alloy Seamless Rectangular Pipe with grinding wheels, special grinding wheels should be used; flame cutting should not be used. The groove should be processed mechanically. Titanium alloy processing and welding should use inert gas shielded welding or vacuum welding, not oxygen-acetylene welding or carbon dioxide gas shielded welding, nor ordinary manual arc welding. When installing titanium and titanium alloy pipes, iron tools and materials should not be used to knock and squeeze; between carbon steel supports, hangers and titanium and titanium alloy pipes, rubber sheets or soft plastic sheets should be placed to prevent Titanium and titanium alloy pipes are in direct contact.

 When the titanium and titanium alloy pipes pass through the wall and floor, the casing should be installed, the gap should not be less than 10mm, and the insulation should be filled, and the insulation should not contain iron impurities. Titanium alloy pipes should not be directly welded to other metal pipes. When a connection is required, a looper flange connection can be used. The non-metallic gaskets used are generally rubber gaskets or plastic gaskets, and the chloride ion content should not exceed 25ppm.