The difference between manual and machine polished titanium rods

Titanium is a very corrosion-resistant metal. The thermodynamic data of titanium shows that titanium is a very thermodynamically unstable metal. If titanium can be dissolved to generate Ti2+, its standard electrode potential is very negative (-1.63V), and its surface is always covered with a passive oxide film. In this way, the stable potential of titanium is stably biased to a positive value. For example, the stable potential of titanium in seawater at 25°C is about +0.09V. In chemistry manuals and textbooks, standard electrode potentials corresponding to a series of titanium electrode reactions can be obtained. It is worth pointing out that, in fact, these data are not directly measured, but often can only be calculated from thermodynamic data, and due to different data sources, several different electrode reactions may be displayed at the same time, and different data may not appear. Strange.

The electrode potential data of the electrode reaction of titanium shows that its surface is very active, and is usually always covered with an oxide film that is naturally formed in the air. Therefore, the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium stems from the existence of a stable, adherent, and particularly protective oxide film on the surface of the titanium. In fact, it is the stability of this natural oxide film that determines the titanium surface. Corrosion resistance, including titanium and titanium alloy titanium rods, titanium wires, titanium plates, etc., have strong corrosion resistance. Of course, the corrosion resistance of various grades is different. We talked about it in the previous content of the website I won’t say much today. In theory, the P/B ratio of a protective oxide film must be greater than 1. If it is less than 1, the oxide film cannot completely cover the metal surface, so it is impossible to protect it. If this ratio is too large, the compressive stress in the oxide film will increase correspondingly, which will easily cause the oxide film to rupture, and it will not provide protection. The P/B ratio of titanium is between 1 and 2.5 depending on the composition and structure of the oxide film. From this basic point of analysis, the titanium oxide film can have better protective properties.

When the surface of titanium is exposed to the atmosphere or aqueous solution, a new oxide film will be automatically formed immediately. For example, the thickness of the oxide film in the atmosphere at room temperature is 1.2~1.6nm, and it will thicken with time, and it will naturally increase to 5nm after 70 days. Gradually increase to 8-9nm after 545 days. Artificially intensified oxidation conditions (such as heating, using oxidants or anodic oxidation, etc.) can accelerate the growth of the surface oxide film and obtain a thicker oxide film, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of titanium. Therefore, the oxide film formed by anodic oxidation and thermal oxidation will significantly improve the corrosion resistance of titanium. Now our customers have made many similar products with our titanium rods and wires, which shows that this is a feasible way.

Titanium oxide film (including thermal oxide film or anodic oxide film) is usually not a single structure, and its oxide composition and structure vary with the production conditions. Under normal circumstances, the interface between the oxide film and the environment may be TiO2, but the interface between the oxide film and the metal may be dominated by TiO. In other words, the surface of the titanium rod we produce is TiO2 under normal conditions, and the interface between the metal and the oxide film is TiO. Of course, the titanium wire, titanium plate, and titanium forgings are the same here, and the surface of the titanium alloy rod is more complicated. However, whether it is a pure titanium rod, a titanium alloy rod, or a titanium alloy wire, there are transition layers with different valence states in the middle, and even non-chemically equivalent oxides, which means that the oxide film of titanium materials has a multilayer structure. As for the formation of this oxide film, it cannot be simply understood as a direct reaction between titanium and oxygen (or oxygen in the air).

Grade 7 Titanium Sheet      Ti-Al Sputtering Target      Grade 12 Titanium Pipe      titanium rolling sheet      

What are the defects that occur when producing titanium plates?

At present, the smelting method widely used in my country's industry is the vacuum consumable electrode arc smelting method. Although it can effectively ensure that the alloy liquid has a certain degree of superheat and a more accurate alloy melt composition, this method has extremely high requirements for the quality of the raw electrode, and the surface area of ​​the molten pool is large and the depth is small, resulting in high vapor pressure elements (such as A1 The volatilization loss of the element) is very large, which is unfavorable for controlling the alloy composition.

The water-cooled copper crucible induction smelting method is to place a copper crucible that is split and cooled by water under an induction electromagnetic field for smelting, which can maximize the advantages of the induction smelting method. Between the water-cooled copper crucible and the metal melt, there is a solid shell layer produced by the solidification of the Gr5 Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Foil melt, the so-called condensed shell. At this time, the crucible lining is equivalent to being made of molten metal, that is, the inner surface of the crucible has the same composition as the molten metal, which prevents the crucible from contaminating the molten metal. With the increase in the number of cold crucible combinations and the input power of the power supply, the strong magnetic field promotes the rapid melting of the charge and produces a strong stirring effect, so that the temperature and composition of the metal melt are uniform, and a consistent degree of superheat can be obtained. Due to the complex composition of the new  Grade 7 Titanium Rod alloy and TiAl compound alloy, the allowable deviation of the alloy element content is small, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the alloy composition by the common arc melting method of ASTM F136 6Al-4V ELI Titanium Bar alloy. Water-cooled crucible induction condensed shell melting is particularly suitable for this work. The molten alloy composition is uniform, and the superheat of the alloy liquid with the interstitial element content is appropriate, which meets the requirements of static and centrifugal casting.

What should be paid attention to when processing titanium rods

With the change in people's understanding of bicycle functions, especially the increasingly fierce international bicycle competition, bicycle manufacturers continue to seek new materials with lightweight and high strength, so titanium has become their target of attention.

At that time, the processing and welding technology for the production of bicycle titanium parts had not been up to date, and mass production capacity could not be formed. After entering the 1980s, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, various bicycle iron parts came out one after another, which promoted the use of titanium for bicycles.

The application status of titanium in the bicycle industry

According to the functions of each part of the bicycle, the bicycle can be divided into 13 parts, namely, the body part, the control part, the drive part, the walking part, and the transmission part. Braking part, seat part, loading part, parking part, alarm part, lighting part, accessories, and connecting parts. The car body includes the frame, the front car, the front, the suspension, the valve seat, and the mudguard. This part accounts for about 27% of the car's weight in terms of its weight. The driving part includes a sprocket, a crankshaft, a pedal, a chain, a flywheel, and a chain box. This part accounts for about 22% of the car's weight. The walking part includes tires, inner tubes, rims, spokes, and wheels, which account for about 24% of the total weight of the bicycle. It can be seen that the total weight of the three parts of the car body, the driving part, and the walking part account for more than 70% of the total weight of the bicycle.

Therefore, the issue of titanium materialization aimed at reducing the weight of bicycles first started here, and after more than 10 years of development and research, some of the human components have been made of titanium material.
grade 1 titanium foil      titanium rivet      Grade 12 Titanium Plate      Titanium Elbow      

Method for using titanium plate in power industry

In the welding of titanium alloy pipes, the welding depth is determined by the thickness of the titanium alloy pipe. The production goal is to improve the formability of the titanium alloy tube by reducing the welding width, while achieving a higher speed. Therefore, when choosing the most suitable laser, we must not only consider the quality of the beam, but also the accuracy of the tube mill. Because the dimensional error of the pipe rolling mill takes effect, it is necessary to consider the limitation of reducing the light spot.

There are many unique dimensional problems in the welding of titanium alloy pipes. However, the main factor that most affects the welding is the seam on the welding box, because once the titanium plate is formed and prepared for welding, the characteristics of the weld include: Titanium plate gap, severe/minor welding dislocation, change of weld centerline. To a certain extent, the gap determines how much material is used to form the weld pool. Too much pressure is likely to cause excess material on the top or inner diameter of the titanium alloy welded pipe. , Or serious slight welding misalignment will lead to beautiful welding appearance.

In both cases, after the titanium plate is cut and cleaned, it is rolled up and sent to the welding point. Coolant is used to cool the induction coil used in the heating process. Some coolant will be used in the extrusion process. A lot of force is exerted on the squeeze pulley to prevent us from creating porosity in the welding area; however, using a larger squeeze force will result in a sharp increase in burrs (or weld beads). Therefore, a specially designed cutter is used to remove some burrs inside and outside the pipe.

One of the main advantages of the high-frequency welding process is that it can process titanium tubes at high speed. However, a typical situation in most solid phase forging joints is that it is not easy to perform reliable tests on high-frequency welded joints if traditional non-destructive techniques are used. Welding cracks are likely to appear in the flat and thin areas of the low-strength joints. The cracks cannot be detected using traditional methods. They may lack reliability in some demanding automotive applications.

In all titanium pipe welding applications, the edges of the titanium plate are melted, and when the edges of the titanium alloy pipe are squeezed together with the clamping bracket, solidification occurs at the edges. However, titanium alloy tube has high energy beam density for laser welding. The laser beam not only melts the surface of the material, but also creates a keyhole, which makes the weld seam very narrow. The welded titanium alloy tube first forms a flat titanium plate, and then makes its shape into the shape of a round tube. Once formed, the seams of the titanium alloy tube must be welded together. This weld affects the formability of the part. Therefore, in order to meet the strict test requirements and welding profile in the manufacturing industry, it is extremely important to select the appropriate welding technology. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), high frequency (HF) welding, and laser welding have been applied in the manufacture of titanium alloy tubes.
titanium bicycle tube      Titanium Alloy Rectangular Tube      titanium exhaust pipe      titanium threaded pipe      

What factors will affect the welding of titanium plates

When the world began to produce titanium tube parts, it also encountered a lot of troubles. They are mainly metalworkers and technicians who are familiar with aluminum tube parts, but they are very uncomfortable with titanium tube forming. First of all, the cutting and trimming process is too fast because the blades of the scissors wear too fast. When the shape is unbearable, the hammerhead is very easy to be arrogant and thick. Stick to the model. Because of this, everyone refers to titanium as a difficult-to-form material, and industry personnel calls it a hot forming material. This is a more general and perceptual evaluation of the forming performance of titanium tubes. But this can't affect people's specific analysis, after understanding its characteristics, in order to make appropriate treatment.

To be precise, titanium not only has the disadvantages of particularly large spring back, but it also has significant advantages. For example, in 1970, in the room temperature technical depth test of pure titanium pipes, it successfully processed cylindrical parts with a limit drawing coefficient of 2.75. , Which greatly exceeds the record of heavy materials such as steel, steel, and aluminum. Experiments conducted as early as 10 years ago achieved better results and also used conventional drawing models and other materials to process spherical parts with a height exceeding the radius in a single process. It laid the foundation for the development of our current titanium industry.

Ships will definitely be corroded in seawater, which will seriously affect their lifespan. Then improving the corrosion resistance of the hull has become the first goal of many shipbuilding companies. So what should I choose? If the flow velocity in the hull cooling water pipe is relatively high and needs to withstand strong impact and corrosion, titanium pipes should be selected for comparison.
Gr9 Ti-3Al-2.5V Titanium Plate      titanium foil strip      titanium grade 2 strip coil      Gr12 Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni Titanium Plate      

What are the methods of cleaning titanium rods?

Titanium alloys have a lot of knowledge here. Titanium alloys refer to alloys made up of other elements based on titanium. Titanium alloys include titanium aluminum alloys, titanium copper alloys, titanium manganese alloys, and other 70 metals containing titanium elements. . .

The density of titanium alloy is generally about 4.51g/cm3, which is only 60% of steel. Some high-strength titanium alloys exceed the strength of many alloy structural sheets of steel. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of titanium alloy is much greater than that of other metal structural materials.

It can produce parts with high unit strength, good rigidity, and lightweight. The aircraft's engine components, skeletons, skins, fasteners, and landing gear all use titanium alloys. So when we customize titanium screws, how do we choose the material of the screws? In fact, titanium alloys are produced to meet the different needs of the industry.

Because all screws are used in different environments, the positions used on machine parts are also different, and the hardness, flexibility, thermal conductivity, and wear resistance of the screws required by the machine are also different. Therefore, when customizing the production of screw fasteners for customers, they will always ask the user where the screws are used and what kind of performance is required?

If hardness is required, then it is recommended to use titanium-cobalt alloy. Titanium-cobalt alloy is generally used to make cutting tools. When selecting the screw material, it is important to understand that when the hardness of the screw is high, the titanium screw is easy to break.

ASTM B265 Gr5 Titanium Strip      3 Inch Titanium Pipe      Gr9 Ti3Al2.5V Titanium Tube      Medical Titanium Plate Grade 2      

Study on Corrosion and Wear Resistant Treatment of Titanium Rod Surface

In order to improve the overall flight performance of the aircraft and meet the requirements of relatively light weight, long life and good maneuverability, the working pressure of the pipeline system of large passenger aircraft and fighter jets will gradually increase, and various titanium alloy pipes with excellent comprehensive performance will gradually increase. It is widely used. In view of the importance of hydraulic piping systems in aircraft piping systems, it is feasible to first develop the application of titanium alloy pipes in new aircraft hydraulic piping systems. Considering the specific strength, specific rigidity, corrosion resistance, cold bending forming ability and material maturity, the use of TA18M (Ti-3Al-2.5V) titanium alloy conduit is currently an ideal choice.

TA18M titanium alloy is a low-aluminum equivalent nearly α-type titanium alloy evolved from TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy. It is developed as a cold-workable pipe application. It has good cold forming and welding properties and can be manufactured A variety of seamless pipes, welded pipes and honeycomb structures can achieve good strength and plasticity matching through heat treatment. The room temperature strength of this alloy is 20% to 50% higher than that of industrial pure titanium, it is not sensitive to notches, and has good corrosion resistance in many media. Therefore, it is suitable for manufacturing catheters on various aircrafts. TA18M titanium alloy pipes have been used as hydraulic and fuel piping systems on many high-tech military and civilian aircraft in the United States. For example, in the mid-1970s, it began to be used as aeronautical catheters on F-14A, F-15, Boeing 757, 767 and other aircraft types. TA18M catheter also has a certain application foundation in aviation and civil use in my country. It has been used as an air-conditioning pipeline on transport aircraft in my country and will be used in aero engine pipeline systems.

Due to the low density of TA18M titanium alloy, it can effectively reduce the weight compared to stainless steel pipes. What is more valuable is that its good welding performance makes subsequent pipe ends easy to connect, and it has excellent matching performance with the strength and stiffness of the composite structure. Can further obtain a good weight loss effect. Therefore, TA18M is currently the most suitable material for the production of high-pressure and lightweight conduits on advanced aircraft.
Thin Wall Titanium Condenser Tubes      Thin Wall Titanium Pipe      Gr7 Ti-0.2Pd Titanium Bar      titanium square tubing