Titanium alloy is more suitable for spacecraft manufacturing than steel

Titanium and titanium alloys have low density and high tensile strength. In the range of -253-600 degrees Celsius, its specific strength is almost the highest among metal materials. It can form a thin and hard oxide in a suitable oxidizing environment. The material film has excellent corrosion resistance. In addition, it is non-magnetic and has a small linear expansion coefficient. This makes titanium and its alloys first known as important aerospace structural materials, and then extended to shipbuilding, chemical industry, and other fields, and has been rapidly developed. Especially in the chemical industry, titanium and titanium alloy products are used in more and more products, such as petrochemical, fiber, pulp, fertilizer, electrochemistry, and seawater desalination industries, as exchangers, reaction towers, and synthesizers. Autoclave etc. Among them, the titanium plate is used as an electrolysis plate and an electrolytic cell in electrolysis and sewage desalination and is used as a tower body and a kettle body in the reaction tower and the reaction kettle.

With the development of science and technology, the application fields of titanium materials are becoming wider and wider, such as medical treatment, automobile, sports, etc. It also truly reflects that titanium, as light metal, has more and more excellent properties. It is recognized and determined by people, and it will replace other metals in our production and application fields, and even our body at the fastest speed.
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Three production processes of titanium rods

The specific strength of titanium alloy products is very high among metal structural materials. Its strength is equivalent to that of steel, but its weight is only 57% of that of rigid materials. In addition, titanium and titanium alloys have strong heat resistance, and can still maintain good strength and stability in the atmosphere at 500°C, and the short-term working temperature can even be higher. Titanium alloy has the characteristics of small specific gravity, high thermal strength, good thermal stability, and corrosion resistance, but the material is difficult to cut and has low processing efficiency. Therefore, how to overcome the difficulty of processing titanium alloys, and the difficulty of low efficiency has always been a problem for us.
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Titanium rod storage environment requirements

Titanium alloy materials for titanium alloy screws are closely related to the manufacturing process and uses of titanium alloy screws. On the one hand, the manufacturing process of titanium alloy screws mainly includes three parts: first, plastic deformation, such as upsetting, reducing and thread rolling, etc.; second, surface strengthening, such as strengthening the bolt bearing surface and the transition zone of the straight rod; finally, Mechanical processing, such as turning, milling and grinding. On the other hand, the purpose of titanium alloy screws is different, and the performance requirements of the required materials are also different, which requires the use of different titanium alloy materials. Taking rivets and bolts as examples, rivets need to be upset at one or both ends during the installation process, so the riveting process requires higher plasticity of the material. Bolts generally require high strength, and their strength level is close to that of 30CrMnSiA high-strength alloy steel, so high-strength titanium alloy materials are usually used. Based on the above two factors, the titanium alloy materials used for titanium alloy screws are also mainly divided into three types: industrial pure titanium, (α+β) type and β type titanium alloy, see Table 2 for details. It can be seen from Table 2 that the industrial pure titanium is mainly TA1 and TA2. (α+β) titanium alloys mainly include TC4, TC6, and Ti-662. β-type titanium alloys are mainly meta-stable β-type titanium alloys because the molybdenum equivalent of meta-stable β-type titanium alloys is generally about 10%. The near-beta titanium alloy with a molybdenum equivalent of less than 10% has insufficient heat treatment strengthening effect; the stable beta-type titanium alloy with a molybdenum equivalent greater than 10% will have high β-phase stability during the aging heat treatment process, and it is difficult to decompose, so meta-stable β-type titanium The strengthening effect of alloy materials is the most obvious. In addition, the metastable β-type titanium alloy has excellent cold formability and can be cold-headed, avoiding the use of professional heating equipment and gas protection media, high production efficiency, and material utilization, and the formed titanium alloy screw has high dimensional accuracy and surface Good quality. The (α+β) type titanium alloy titanium alloy screw can only be formed by hot upsetting, which requires special heating equipment and gas medium, low production efficiency and material utilization, and it is also prone to uneven heating temperature.
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Characteristics and functions of Gr5 titanium tube and titanium alloy tube

Radiographic flaw detection is a method of flaw detection using the penetrability and linearity of rays. Although these rays are not directly detectable by the naked eye like visible light, they can be used to sensitize the photographic film and can also be received by a special receiver. The rays commonly used for flaw detection include x-ray and gamma rays emitted by isotope, which are called x-ray flaw detection and γ-ray flaw detection, respectively. When these rays penetrate (irradiate) a substance, the greater the density of the substance, the more the intensity of the rays decreases, that is, the lower the intensity of the rays that can penetrate the substance. At this time, if you use a photographic film to receive, the light sensitivity of the film is small; if you use an instrument to receive, the signal obtained is weak. Therefore, when radiation is used to irradiate the parts to be inspected, if there are defects such as pores, slag inclusions, etc., the material density of the radiation passing through the defective path is much smaller than that of the non-defective path, and its strength is The weaker is less, that is, the intensity of the transmission is greater. If the film is used to receive, the light sensitivity is greater, and the plane projection of the defect perpendicular to the direction of the ray can be reflected on the film; the same can be done if other receivers are used. Use meters to reflect the plane projection of the defect perpendicular to the ray direction and the amount of ray transmission. It can be seen that, under normal circumstances, it is not easy to find cracks in radiographic inspection, or in other words, radiographic inspection is not sensitive to cracks.

Therefore, radiographic inspection is most sensitive to volumetric defects such as pores, slag inclusions, and incomplete penetration. That is, radiographic flaw detection is suitable for volume-type flaw detection, but not suitable for area-type flaw detection.
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What are the characteristics of seamless titanium tubes?

In the titanium alloy screw mold manufacturing process, the smoothing and mirroring after the shape processing is called the part surface grinding and polishing processing, which is an important process to improve the quality of the mold.

Mastering a reasonable polishing method can improve the quality and service life of titanium alloy screw molds, thereby improving product quality.

Mechanical polishing is a polishing method that removes protrusions on the surface of the workpiece by cutting or plastic deformation of the material surface to obtain a smooth surface. Generally, oil stone sticks, wool wheels, sandpaper, etc. are used. Manual operation is the main method. Those with high surface quality requirements can be used. The method of super-precision polishing. Ultra-precision polishing is the use of special abrasive tools, which are pressed against the processed surface of the workpiece in a polishing fluid containing abrasives for high-speed rotation. The surface roughness of Ra0.008 μm can be achieved by using this technology, which is the best surface roughness among various polishing methods. Optical lens molds often use this method. Mechanical polishing is the main method of mold polishing.

2. Chemical polishing

Chemical polishing is the process of dissolving the microscopically protruding part of the surface in a chemical medium preferentially than the concave part, so as to obtain a smooth surface. The method can polish workpieces with complex shapes, and can polish many workpieces at the same time, with high efficiency. The surface roughness obtained by chemical polishing is generally Ra10 μm.

3. Electrolytic polishing

The basic principle of electrolytic polishing is the same as that of chemical polishing, that is, it relies on the selective dissolution of small protrusions on the surface of the material to make the surface smooth. Compared with chemical polishing, it can eliminate the influence of cathode reaction, and the effect is better.

4. Ultrasonic polishing

Ultrasonic polishing is a processing method that uses the tool section to make ultrasonic vibrations and polishes brittle and hard materials through abrasive suspensions. Put the workpiece in the abrasive suspension and put it together in the ultrasonic field, relying on the oscillation effect of the ultrasonic, so that the abrasive is ground and polished on the surface of the workpiece. Ultrasonic machining has a small macroscopic force and will not cause deformation of the workpiece, but it is difficult to manufacture and install tooling.

5. Fluid polishing

Fluid polishing relies on flowing liquid and the abrasive particles carried by it to wash the surface of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of polishing. Hydrodynamic grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure. The medium is mainly made of special compounds (polymer-like substances) with good flowability under lower pressure and mixed with abrasives. The abrasives can be made of silicon carbide powder.

6. Magnetic grinding and polishing

Magnetic abrasive polishing is to use magnetic abrasives to form abrasive brushes under the action of a magnetic field to grind the workpiece. This method has high processing efficiency, good quality and easy control of processing conditions. Using suitable abrasives, the processed surface roughness can reach Ra0.1 μm.

7. EDM ultrasonic composite polishing

In order to improve the polishing speed of the workpiece with a surface roughness Ra of 1.6 μm or more, ultrasonic and a special high-frequency narrow pulse high-peak current pulse power supply are used for composite polishing. The corrosion of ultrasonic vibration and electric pulse acts on the surface of the workpiece at the same time, which rapidly reduces Its surface roughness is very effective in polishing the rough surface of the mold after machining by turning, milling, EDM and wire cutting.
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Classification, application and factors affecting tensile force of titanium alloy wire?

The difference between titanium powder and titanium dioxide is as follows:

1. Titanium powder is powdered metallic titanium, while titanium dioxide is powdered titanium dioxide;

2. Titanium powder can be ignited in the air, while titanium dioxide is mainly used in decoration and coating industries;

3. Titanium powder has a large gas-absorbing capacity, with a purity of about 95%. The molecular formula of titanium dioxide is TiO2, which is a polycrystalline compound with regular arrangement of particles and a lattice structure.

Therefore, the characteristics of titanium powder and titanium dioxide are completely different.
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Hot working properties and industrial application of TC4 titanium alloy

The pressure processing of titanium alloy is more similar to the processing of steel than the processing of non-ferrous metals and alloys. Many process parameters of titanium alloy during forging, volume stamping and plate stamping are close to those of steel processing. But there are also some important features that must be paid attention to when pressure working on Qin and Qin alloys.

Although it is generally believed that the hexagonal lattice contained in titanium and titanium alloys has low plasticity during deformation, various pressure processing methods used for other structural metals are also suitable for titanium alloys. The ratio of yield point to strength limit refers to one of the characteristic indexes of whether a metal can withstand plastic deformation. The larger the ratio, the worse the plasticity of the metal. For industrial pure titanium in a cooling state, the ratio is 0.72-0.87, while carbon steel is 0.6-0.65, and stainless steel is 0.4-0.5.

Perform volume stamping, free forging and other operations related to the processing of large cross-section and large-size blanks in the heated state (above the =yS transition temperature). The heating temperature range of forging and pressing is between 850-1150°C. Alloys BT; M) 0, BT1-0, OT4~0 and OT4-1 have satisfactory plastic deformation in the cooling state. Therefore, most of the parts made of these alloys are stamped from blanks that have undergone intermediate annealing without heating. When the titanium alloy is cold plastically deformed, regardless of its chemical composition and mechanical properties, the strength will be greatly improved, and the plasticity will be correspondingly reduced. For this reason, it is necessary to perform an annealing treatment between procedures.

The blade groove wear that occurs during titanium alloy processing is the local wear along the cutting depth direction of the back and the front, and it is often caused by the hardened layer left by the previous processing. The chemical reaction and diffusion of the tool and the workpiece material at a processing temperature of more than 800°C are also one of the reasons for the formation of groove wear. Because during the machining process, the titanium molecules of the workpiece accumulate in the front area of ​​the blade and are "welded" to the blade under high pressure and high temperature, forming a built-up edge. When the built-up edge is peeled from the blade, the carbide coating of the blade is taken away.

Due to the heat resistance of titanium, cooling is very important in the machining process. The purpose of cooling is to keep the blade and tool surface from overheating. Using end coolant, in this way, when performing square shoulder milling and face milling of dimples, cavities or full grooves, a good chip removal effect can be achieved. When cutting titanium metal, the chips are easy to stick to the cutting edge, causing the next round of milling cutter rotation to cut the chips again, which often causes the edge line to collapse. Each type of blade cavity has its own coolant hole/injection to solve this problem and strengthen the constant blade performance. Another clever solution is a threaded cooling hole. Long-edge milling cutters have many blades. Applying coolant to each hole requires a high pump capacity and pressure. However, it is different. It can block unnecessary holes according to needs, thereby maximizing the flow of liquid to the holes that need it.
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