Effect of Alloying Elements on Welding Properties in Titanium and Titanium Tubes

Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, various departments due to its excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and process performance. In chemical production, titanium replaces stainless steel, nickel-based alloys and other rare metals as corrosion-resistant materials to increase output, improve product quality, extend equipment life, reduce energy consumption, reduce costs, prevent pollution, improve working conditions, and increase productivity. Has a very important meaning. The scope of titanium materials used in China's chemical industry is expanding, and consumption is increasing year by year. Titanium alloy standard parts have become one of the important anti-corrosion materials. As an anti-corrosion structural material used in chemical plants, titanium has attracted more and more attention from the engineering community.

1. Chlor-alkali industry

The chlor-alkali industry is an important raw material industry, and its production and development have a great impact on the national economy. The corrosion resistance of titanium alloy standard parts to chloride ions is better than that of commonly used stainless steel and other non-ferrous metals. At present, titanium alloy standard parts are widely used in the manufacture of metal anode electrolyzers, ion-exchange membrane electrolyzers, wet chlorine coolers, refined brine preheaters, dechlorination towers and chlorine cooling scrubbers. In the past, the main components of equipment were mostly non-metallic materials, with poor mechanical properties, thermal stability and processing performance, resulting in large equipment weight, high energy consumption, and short life span, affecting product quality and polluting the environment.

2. Soda ash industry

Alkali is one of the most basic chemical raw materials and is closely related to the development of the national economy. In the production process of soda ash, the gas medium is mostly NH3 and CO2. The main body of the carbonization tower tube, hot mother liquid cooler, cooler, crystallization external cooler, etc. is used for high-concentration solution, carbon drink, cast iron material for carbonation reaction. The equipment is not resistant to corrosion, has serious corrosion and leakage, and has a service life of no more than three years.

Titanium alloy standard parts are called "Future Metal" because of their light weight, high strength, strong heat resistance and corrosion resistance, and are a new type of structural material with development prospects. Titanium alloy standard parts not only have important applications in the aerospace field, but also have been widely used in chemical, petroleum, light industry, power generation and other industries.
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Development and application of titanium castings and large titanium rod casting technology

Features of titanium rod filter:

1. No particles fall off, no pollution to the liquid medicine, in line with food hygiene and pharmaceutical GMP requirements.

2. High temperature resistance (300℃ wet state), acid and alkali corrosion resistance, strong oxidation resistance, suitable for various environments.

3. Low pressure difference, small footprint, large flow, 0.2 MPa can reach the maximum flow.

4. Good mechanical properties, press filter and suction filter, simple operation. (Reverse type no residual liquid decarburization filtration, heat preservation filtration)

5. It can be regenerated online, is easy to clean (preparation of cleaning formula), and has a long service life (more than 3 years of normal use)

Application of titanium rod filter:

1. In the pharmaceutical industry, decarburization filtration in the concentrated formulation of large infusions, small injections, eye drops, and oral liquids, and protective filtration before terminal filtration in the dilution process.

2. The impurity removal filtration of steam respirator in the production of raw materials, the decarbonization filtration and fine filtration of materials.

3. The filtration of compressed air in the production of tablets and capsules, and the filtration of other industrial gases.

4. Ultrafiltration, RO, EDI security filtration in the water treatment industry, aeration mixed filtration in ozone disinfection.

5. Clarification and filtration of beverages, liquor, beer, vegetable oil, mineral water, vinegar and soy sauce in food and beverages.

6. Precision filtration of liquid products, liquid raw materials, and pharmaceutical intermediates in the chemical industry; filtration of powdered activated carbon; filtration, washing, and recovery of ultra-fine crystal catalysts; precision filtration after resin adsorption, and removal of impurities in system heat transfer oil and materials Filtration, purification of catalytic gas, etc.

7. Filtration of oil field reinjection water. In oil exploitation, the early injection of high-quality water into low-permeability oil fields is the long-term fundamental guarantee for supplementing energy and stabilizing production in low-permeability oil fields. The accuracy of particles in the water treated by the titanium filter element can reach more than 1-2μm, and the particle content Within 2mg/L.
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Many titanium alloys are mainly used in the aerospace industry for their excellent mechanical properties

The titanium threaded coil evaporator is often used for heating and cooling the inside of the container. Its working principle is that the refrigerant in the titanium tube and the refrigerant in the plastic shell exchange energy between the two. According to the cleanliness and corrosion of the material, the coils in two fixed ways can be disassembled and not disassembled, but in the design, It should be used for coil cleaning and repair as much as possible.

The titanium brush heat exchanger is a heat exchange device that transfers part of the heat from the hot fluid made of high-quality titanium tubes to the cold fluid. Titanium heat exchanger has many advantages over industrial pure titanium. It is general equipment in many industrial sectors such as the chemical industry, petroleum, electric power, food, etc., and it plays an important role in production.

The manufacturing technology of the titanium coil heat exchanger is relatively simple, but it is very troublesome to determine the mold size. Each time a steel coil of one specification is processed, many talents are repeatedly trial-produced to determine the mold size required for the diameter of the steel coil, which is a waste of material and time. If the mold size for the required coil diameter can be determined immediately, it will be twice the result with half the effort. Therefore, the rules are found through experiments and the learned formulas are used to provide assistance for making the titanium coil heat exchanger.
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Application range of titanium and titanium alloy bellows

Titanium alloy has high strength, low density, good mechanical properties, toughness and corrosion resistance. In addition, titanium alloys have poor processing performance and difficult drilling production and processing. During heat treatment, it is very easy to absorb residues such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon. There are also poor wear resistance and complicated production processes. Industrial production of titanium started in 1948. The development of the aviation industry is necessary for the titanium industry to develop at an average annual growth rate of about 8%. At present, the world's annual output of titanium alloy production and processing materials has reached more than 40,000 tons and nearly 30 types of titanium alloys. The most commonly used titanium alloys are Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) and industrial pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3).

Titanium alloy is mainly used to make aircraft engine compressor parts, followed by structural parts for rockets, cruise missiles and high-speed aircraft. In the mid-1960s, titanium and aluminum alloys were used in general industry to make electrical grades for electrolysis industry, coolers for power plants, electric heaters for crude oil refining and desalination, and environmental pollution control equipment. Titanium and aluminum alloys have become a kind of corrosion-resistant structural materials. In addition, it is also used to produce hydrogen storage raw materials and shape memory alloys.
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Titanium fittings features:

When the hydrogen content in the titanium tube is too much, the impact toughness and notched tensile strength will drop sharply due to brittleness. Therefore, it is generally stipulated that the hydrogen content in the titanium tube should not exceed 0.015%. In order to reduce the amount of hydrogen absorption, fingerprints, rolling mill marks, grease and other residues should be removed before the parts are heat treated. There is no moisture in the atmosphere of the heat treatment furnace. If the hydrogen content of the titanium tube exceeds the allowable value, it must be removed by vacuum annealing. Vacuum annealing for dehydrogenation is generally maintained at 538-760°C and a pressure lower than 0.066Pa for 2-4 hours.

When the temperature does not exceed 540°C, the oxide film on the surface of the titanium tube will not be significantly thickened. At higher heat treatment temperatures (above 760°C), the oxidation rate will rapidly increase, and oxygen can expand into the material to form a diffusion layer— Pollution layer. The high brittleness ratio of the oxygen contamination layer leads to cracks and damage on the surface of the part. There are mechanical processing methods (such as sandblasting, house cutting, etc.) or chemical methods such as acid washing and chemical milling to remove the oxygen pollution layer. During the heat treatment, the heating time should be as short as possible under the premise of ensuring the heat treatment of the meteorite. It is carried out in a vacuum furnace or an inert gas (argon, nitrogen, etc.) heating furnace. The appropriate application can also avoid or reduce the pollution caused by the titanium tube parts being heated in the air furnace.
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Process for controlling heat equipment in titanium reactor

At present, there are only two industrial methods: the HDH method and the sodium method. However, the sodium method titanium plants have been closed down one after another, so far only the HDH method is still used in the industrial production of titanium rod manufacturers. The centrifugal atomization method and the gas atomization method are mainly used to produce (spherical titanium powder or) spherical titanium alloy powder, but the production volume is not large and can be considered as mass production. The various production methods are summarized below.

In the reduction process of magnesium tetrachloride, there is always a by-product-the outer titanium powder. This kind of titanium powder accounts for a few per cent of sponge titanium products, and its quantity is considerable. Titanium powders with a particle size of less than 0.83mm can be used directly. The sponge titanium produced by the magnesium reduction-vacuum distillation process is poor in quality due to long-term high-temperature sintering, and the proportion of titanium alloy powder is correspondingly small. Therefore, the titanium-magnesium tetrachloride reduction method is not a good method for preparing titanium powder, and only the by-product-the outer titanium alloy powder is obtained.

Grinding is a key step in the production of powdered titanium by the sodium reduction method. The sodium reduction product is a mixture of metallic titanium and NaCl. On the surface of gold and sodium-an extremely covering-layer of NaCl, titanium will not be contaminated by impurities during the grinding process, and most of the heat generated during grinding will be absorbed by NaCl and will not cause Titanium overheats and catches fire, thereby avoiding oxidation of the product. In addition, NaCl can also promote the pulverization of titanium and act as a pulverizing medium. Various mills can be used as grinding equipment.

The process of leaching, washing and drying is basically the same as the process of producing sponge titanium. Because powdered titanium has greater activity, the acid concentration in the leaching solution should be lower. Generally, 0.5%-1.0% hydrochloric acid concentration aqueous solution can be used for leaching. When drying, the temperature should be as low as possible while preventing fire.
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Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance

The passivation of titanium depends on the existence of oxide film. Its corrosion resistance in oxidizing media is much better than that in reducing media, and high-rate corrosion can occur in reducing media. Titanium is not corroded in some corrosive media, such as seawater, wet chlorine, chlorite and hypochlorite solutions, nitric acid, chromic acid, metal chlorides, sulfides, and organic acids. However, in the medium that reacts with titanium to generate hydrogen (such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid), titanium generally has a larger corrosion rate. However, if a small amount of oxidant is added to the acid, the titanium will form a passivation film. Therefore, in a mixture of sulfuric acid-nitric acid or hydrochloric acid-nitric acid, even in hydrochloric acid containing free chlorine, titanium is corrosion-resistant. The protective oxide film of titanium is often formed when the metal comes into contact with water, even in the presence of a small amount of water or water vapor. If titanium is exposed to a strong oxidizing environment with no water at all, it can quickly oxidize and produce violent, often spontaneous combustion reactions. This type of behavior has occurred in the reaction of titanium with fuming nitric acid containing excessive nitrogen oxides and titanium with dry chlorine gas. However, to prevent the occurrence of reactions in this state, a certain amount of water is necessary.
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