Application of titanium in transplantation

1. Basic industry. Electric power industry generators, motors, power transmission and transformation equipment, etc. all require large amounts of copper, aluminum and titanium alloys. The pure titanium rods produced by titanium rod manufacturers are often used in the manufacturing of trains, automobiles, ships, airplanes and other transportation tools in the transportation industry. A large amount of copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, magnesium and their alloys are required. Various alloy steels, high-temperature alloys, precision alloys, etc. in the iron and steel industry all contain nickel, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, niobium, rare earth metals, etc. The deoxidizer for steelmaking also requires aluminum or magnesium. The machining of titanium rods is inseparable from cemented carbide tools. Instrumentation, control equipment, electronic components, etc. consume a large amount of titanium and titanium alloy processing materials, silicon materials, elastic materials, and precious metal contact materials. In the communication industry, a large number of titanium rods such as copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, tin, gold, and silver are used in communication equipment, cables, and wires. In the electronics industry, copper, aluminum, tin, gold, silver, platinum group metals, and high-purity silicon, germanium, gallium, indium, arsenic, beryllium, tantalum, and niobium are the main materials. Microelectronics technology based on integrated circuits mainly relies on semiconductor materials. In the petroleum, chemical, glass, ceramic, leather, textile and other industries, rare earth metals have been widely used.

2. National defense industry and high-tech industry. From conventional weapons such as guns, artillery, aircraft, and ships, to advanced weapons such as atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, missiles, and rockets; electronic computers, large-scale integrated circuits, nuclear power plants, high-energy radio waves, superconducting technology, aerospace, artificial intelligence technology, biological engineering, etc. High and new technology needs titanium and titanium alloys, and the requirements and demands are getting higher and higher.

3. Titanium rods and titanium alloys are important components of modern materials among the three pillars of contemporary civilization, energy, information technology, and materials. They have a very close relationship with energy and information technology. They are the national economy, people’s daily life, and defense industry. Basic materials and important strategic materials are indispensable for the development of science and technology. Agriculture, civilian industries, basic industries, defense industries, and high-tech industries are all inseparable from titanium and titanium alloys.

4. Agriculture. Pesticides, agricultural rare earth trace fertilizers, agricultural tractors, diesel engines, drainage and irrigation equipment, etc. consume a large amount of titanium rods and their compounds or alloys in their preparation or manufacturing.

5. Civil industry. Toothpaste cans, door locks, keys, cooking utensils, lights, bicycles, household appliances, air conditioners in a large number of people’s daily lives, and cans and flexible packaging that have developed rapidly in recent years require titanium and titanium alloys. The demand is rising sharply.

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Biomedical titanium is a new carrier material with high economic value

Titanium powder generally includes three aspects, namely purity, particle size and particle shape. The purity of titanium powder is related to its particle size. For products of the same specification, the smaller the particle size, the lower the purity. Titanium powder size is divided into 4 levels, the size of 1000-50pm is a coarse powder, 50-10pm is a fine powder, 10-0.5pm is a fine powder, and less than 0.5pm is ultrafine powder. In grades. Except for special purpose requirements, they are generally classified by oxygen content, that is, the lower the oxygen content, the better the quality and the higher the grade. Those with oxygen content less than 0.15% are high-quality titanium powder.

Physical properties: Titanium powder is a dark gray amorphous powder, boiling point ≤ 3000 ℃, melting point 1668 ℃ ± 2 ℃, insoluble in water and organic solvents at room temperature. It is a non-magnetic metal and will not be magnetized in a large magnetic field. It is non-toxic and tasteless. It has good compatibility with human tissues and blood.

Chemical properties: It does not react with water, dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid at room temperature, but can be corroded by hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, and molten alkali. Titanium can be dissolved in hot hydrochloric acid and hot sulfuric acid, as well as hydrofluoric acid. Or in a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid (sulfuric acid). Titanium powder will increase the content of N, H, O, and C in the atmosphere. Mixing with strong oxides can cause an explosion.

Titanium powder has good corrosion resistance and is mostly used in the aerospace industry, chemical corrosion-resistant materials, electric vacuum materials, alloy additives, etc. Titanium powder refers to titanium metal powder with a size less than 1mm and irregular shape, usually black-gray. Its performance combines the characteristics of the metal titanium block and the commonality of the powder. Titanium powder has a large surface free energy. Therefore, it is more active than metal titanium blocks, and it is easier to react with other elements or compounds, and oxidize, burn, and explode. It is a dangerous product. Its purity and performance largely depend on the preparation method and its process conditions.

There are four main methods for industrial production of titanium and titanium alloy powder:

(1) Hydrodehydrogenation method. Titanium powder and its alloy powder with good quality and fine particle size can be obtained through the hydrogenation dehydrogenation process, but the batch is small and the price is more expensive. Now, this method is more commonly used.

(2) Metal reduction method. This kind of powder has a large output, low price, good plasticity, suitable for cold forming. It is the main raw material for the production of general corrosion-resistant products. Because it contains high sodium and chloride ions, it is easy to contaminate equipment and deteriorate the welding performance of the material during sintering.

(3) Centrifugal atomization method. The US Nuclear Metals Corporation first adopted electricity in the 1960s.

(4) Electrolysis method. The purity is higher than that of sodium-reduced titanium sponge powder, but the formability of electrolytic titanium powder is worse than that of titanium sponge wire powder.

Titanium powder and titanium alloy powder are usually light gray, and darken as the particle size becomes smaller. The coarse powder has a metallic luster, the fine powder is gray, and superfine powder is black. Titanium dihydride powder is generally grayish brown and darker in color than titanium powder. Outer titanium powder is mainly used as a grain refiner for cast aluminum and a deflagration agent for fireworks and fireworks. Grade titanium powder has different uses according to different purity and particle size. It is mainly used as a raw material for powder metallurgy to prepare titanium or titanium-containing alloys. Other applications are as electric vacuum getters, raw materials for solid mercury sources in electric vacuum, and surface coating materials.

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The history of commercial production of titanium glasses products

1. Use component insulation impregnating varnishes, such as epoxy resin or polyurethane impregnating varnish. No volatile acid was found in the selected coating. Solvent-free paint is used for vibrating machinery.

2. Micro screw manufacturers introduced that when using melamine alkyd paint, properly adjust the fixed-line temperature and fixed-line time, the fixed-line temperature is slightly higher than 130 degrees, and the fixed-line time is greater than 180 minutes. It is necessary to strictly implement the process. Especially in the hot and humid season, from the perspective of rust, the regular drying time of the paint factory is uncertain. They all have a specific internal shape.

3. The surface corrosion treatment of the titanium screw refers to the appearance of the metal with the maintenance layer applied by various methods. Its function is to isolate the metal from the corrosive environment to inhibit the corrosion process or reduce the contact between the corrosive medium and the metal surface, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing or slowing down corrosion.

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Improve the microstructure and preparation process of titanium alloy to improve mechanical properties

In order to obtain titanium pipe castings with good repair welding quality, the following points should be noted in the repair welding process:

1. The surface of the castings for repair welding must be cleaned and dried. The castings are not allowed to be touched directly before being put into the welding box. In the repair welding process of titanium pipe, it is strictly prevented that the tungsten electrode and the repair welding parts are short-circuited, which will cause the tungsten electrode to break and cause tungsten inclusions in the solder joint.

2. When the area and depth of the repair welding area are relatively large, it should be divided into multiple remote layer welding, and the welding of the next layer can only be carried out after the previous layer of welding layer is completely cooled. Prevent casting deformation.

3. At the end of repair welding, the current should be gradually reduced to reduce the melting zone. Therefore, it is recommended to use pulse current to prevent sharp arc interruption and cracks.

4. After repair welding, the casting should be allowed to cool in the box for a period of time before removing the casting to prevent cracks or deformation in the welding area of ​​the casting caused by rapid cooling; the length of cooling time depends on the casting, after repair welding of titanium pipe castings, Timely annealing or hot isostatic pressing should not be left for too long, usually no more than 5 days.

6. The number of repair welding shall not exceed the provisions of the relevant technical documents.

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Forming process of titanium rod and titanium alloy rod under hot extrusion

Due to the tendency of titanium alloy materials to fill the grinding wheel, it brings difficulties to the grinding of titanium alloy rods and TC4 titanium alloy. During grinding, a higher temperature rise is generated at the interface between the metal and the grinding wheel, causing the grinding surface to be produced. Higher residual stress, at the same time, the surface finish is not ideal.

The following methods can basically solve these difficulties:

(1) Choose a suitable grinding wheel, such as a silicon carbide grinding wheel, the size of the grit is medium (60~80), the hardness is a medium (J~M), the surface speed is 700~1200m/min, alumina (aluminum oxide powder or corundum) The grinding wheel should be used at a lower speed, such as 550~600min. It also requires medium granularity.

(2) Use lower grinding wheel speed and feed speed; due to low grinding wheel speed, less sparks are generated.

(3) Cool with buffer or cutting fluid coolant, use ceramic bond and chlorinated or sulfided cutting oil to obtain good results. No matter what type of coolant is used, it must be well filtered to eliminate the "fishtail"-like stains caused by the recycling of titanium particles.

(4) Titanium sparks may catch fire when encountering oil mist, but immersing the workpiece with oil can reduce this danger. The rust-proof ammonium nitrite aqueous solution can completely eliminate the risk of fire.

But even the best grinding conditions will reduce the fatigue performance of the workpiece

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Control and treatment of surface quality of titanium forged parts

Biomedical materials, also known as biomaterials, are materials with special properties that are used for artificial organs, surgical repair, physical therapy rehabilitation, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to enhance or restore human tissue functions without adversely affecting the human body. With the increase of the aging society and the sharp increase of accidental injuries, the number of people who suffer from trauma is about tens of millions worldwide each year, and about 3 million in mainland China. A considerable number of bone trauma patients require early treatment or late treatment to varying degrees. Repair, bone tissue repair materials have a huge market demand. According to statistics from the Ministry of Science and Technology, my country's biomaterials and products have maintained a relatively high growth rate for more than ten years, but my country's biomaterials and products account for a relatively small market share in the world and have huge room for development.

Medical metal materials currently used in clinical practice mainly include stainless steel, cobalt alloys and iron alloys. Titanium and titanium alloys have an elastic modulus that basically matches the hard tissue of the human body, have good corrosion resistance and high fatigue resistance. The advantages of non-toxicity have received widespread attention. Today, titanium alloy artificial joints, dental implants, endovascular stents, heart valves and other medical device products have come out, which is of great significance to the development of medicine.

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Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications of Titanium Alloy Fasteners

①High specific strength. Titanium alloy has a low density and moderate strength, which can meet the strength requirements of bones, joints, surgical instruments and other medical devices. At the same time, titanium medical devices are relatively lightweight, which greatly reduces the load on the human body and provides high user comfort.

②Good mechanical compatibility. The elastic modulus of titanium and titanium alloys is far closer to human bones than stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, etc. The elastic modulus can be reduced to 40-100 GPa, which can reduce the stress shielding effect of human bones on implants, and has a good match with human bones.

③Good corrosion resistance. There is a thin oxide film on the surface of the titanium alloy, which has good chemical stability and is corroded by antibody liquid, which is suitable for the use of various parts of the body.

④Biocompatibility, good health, non-toxic, non-allergenic.

⑤ Good processing and shapeability, suitable for making plates, rods, wires, nets, tubes, special-shaped parts, etc.

In addition, titanium alloy has low X-ray absorption rate, good X-ray visibility, and most of them are insensitive to magnetic fields, are not affected by electromagnetic fields and thunderstorms, and will not affect patients' X-ray and MRI examination; Titanium nickel alloy also has a unique shape memory function and superelasticity. Based on the above characteristics, titanium and titanium alloys have become biometal materials with a wide range of applications.

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